The Joe Walker Podcast
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The Joe Walker Podcast
@joewalkerpod
Well-researched interviews on ideas, technology, and policy. (Sometimes Australian.) Hosted by @JosephNWalker.





2025 retrospective episode! Continuing the tradition I started two years ago, for my end-of-year episode the tables are turned: I'm interviewed by a listener of the show. We discuss my biggest takeaways from my podcast interviews in 2025, as well as the behind-the-scenes work of running the pod, and my plans for 2026. Huge thanks to @ZacGross for doing this and asking such incisive questions! All credit to him. Was a lot of fun. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00:00 - Introduction. 0:01:33 - Behind the scenes of the podcast. 0:24:47 - 2025 episodes: lessons, updates and reflections.


A special new episode to finish the year: Glyn Davis & Terry Moran are two former Secretaries of the Department of Prime Minister & Cabinet -- they're two of the tiny number of Australians who have literally sat in the Cabinet Room, week after week, watching the highest-stakes decisions get made from the inside. Terry was Secretary from 2008 to 2011, including during the GFC. Glyn was Secretary from 2022 to 2025, resigning only a few months ago. As far as I know, neither has done a long-form podcast like this before -- let alone together. My goal was to ask as many naive questions as possible about the nuts and bolts of Cabinet, and how power is used, shaped and constrained in Canberra. We go into lots of tactical detail. One general takeaway for me was how surprisingly malleable the institutions in a Westminster system are -- for better or worse, the PM really can mould the government around their persona. But the flipside of this is that once they leave power, the machinery snaps back to its default state, or reconfigures around the next PM. So PM's are very powerful, but not in a lasting way. Also, given how reflexively and unfavourably we compare government to the private sector, it was interesting to invert the lens and consider the Cabinet process as an example of operational excellence -- a system refined over more than a century and stress-tested through wars, disasters and depressions. Learning about even small details -- like what the template for Cabinet submissions looks like -- was fascinating. Links below, or watch/listen wherever you get your podcasts. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00:00 - Introduction. 0:02:50 - What is the biggest thing Australians get wrong about how federal government works day to day? 0:06:17 - Where does power sit in Canberra? 0:12:38 - Two powerful figures: Nugget Coombs and John Monash. 0:15:44 - Have prime ministers been getting more powerful in Australia? 0:18:24 - Is Cabinet government in the UK and Canada dead? Why not Australia? 0:20:04 - Is Albanese more powerful in Australia than Trump is in the U.S.? 0:22:42 - What is the institutional or conventional source of the PM's power? 0:29:01 - What does a typical day for the PM look like? 0:38:14 - The gritty details of the Cabinet process. 1:15:54 - What are the root causes of big mistakes by governments? 1:19:00 - How often does physical exhaustion impair outcomes? 1:21:00 - How should decision-making structures change in a crisis? 1:24:40 - One thing you'd change about the machinery of government? 1:32:23 - If the PM made solving the housing crisis their top priority, how would that be reflected in the machinery of government? 1:45:15 - How are decisions about war made? 1:49:33 - Questions about "state capacity" — that is, the ability of our governments to achieve their goals. 2:22:33 - What great book remains to be written about government in Australia? (And an explanation of the Red and Blue books.)



The most cancer-causing pathogen in the world is Helicobacter pylori. It lives in the stomach of about half the world's population. As the leading cause of stomach cancer, it's therefore responsible for about 5% of the total burden of new cancer cases globally. It's also the leading cause of peptic ulcers. It's crazy to think that until H. pylori was discovered, ulcers were simply put down to stress; there was no real cure. ("Time to retire", etc.) Happily, H. pylori is eradicable with antibiotics. We didn't discover H. pylori until 1979. We could've discovered it decades earlier, but the relevant literatures were too siloed and there was an ironclad medical dogma that the stomach was sterile. Even after the link between H. pylori and gastritis / peptic ulcers / gastric cancer was established in the mid-1980s, it still took a full decade before it became mainstream consensus. It's an amazing reminder of how scientific knowledge diffuses much more slowly than you might expect. I had the honour of interviewing Barry Marshall (@barjammar), who (along with Robin Warren) won the 2005 Nobel Prize for discovering the bug and its link to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Barry is also famous for proving this causality by drinking the bacteria and making himself sick. Links below. Enjoy! Timestamps: (0:00:00) - Introduction. (0:01:53) - Was H. pylori behind Darwin's dyspepsia and Napoleon's cancer? (0:09:57) - Which cancer has killed the most in history? (0:12:18) - Why stomach cancer fell in the West. (0:15:05) - Why are duodenal ulcers and stomach cancer mutually exclusive? Both are caused by H. pylori. (0:26:15) - Quick gastrointestinal anatomy lesson. (0:30:15) - The "H. pylori enigmas" (Africa, India, Costa Rica, etc). (0:35:15) - Is there a "point of no return" in the cascade from H. pylori infection to stomach cancer? (0:43:11) - Joe does a urea breath test live on the pod! (1:08:40) - What Barry learned about manufacturing by trying to make millions of H. pylori tests in Perth. (1:16:50) - Four clues to the existence of H. pylori. (If you'd known these, you could have discovered it without even laying eyes on it.) (1:25:58) - How MEDLINE/the internet enabled the discovery. (1:31:45) - Why wasn't H. pylori discovered earlier than 1979? (1:37:45) - How fiberoptic endoscopes enabled the discovery. (1:38:44) - The 1954 Palmer null result and its fallout. (1:43:08) - Scientific knowledge diffuses more slowly than you'd expect (H. pylori as a case study). (1:44:49) - If H. pylori was discovered in 2015, would mainstream acceptance still have taken 10 years? (1:47:40) - Self-experimentation in science. (1:55:40) - Barry reflects on his partnership with Robin Warren (with whom he shared the Nobel). (2:07:09) - Benefits of H. pylori? (2:09:45) - Eradication prospects & vaccine timeline. (2:14:29) - Blurring infectious vs chronic disease.


Apply to interview me for my end-of-year retrospective episode! One of my highlights in 2023 was being interviewed by a listener of the show, @djthornton97, who did an exceptional job despite having no former interviewing experience. There was no better way to crystallise my learnings from the year than being Socratically pushed by a thoughtful questioner who was a genuine listener of the show. This year, I'm continuing the tradition. I'm looking for a listener with a knack for asking good questions. We'll meet up in late Dec or early Jan and discuss the progress of the pod in 2025. Apply at the link below. Looking forward to seeing who applies!



Hugh White - Australia’s foremost strategic analyst - takes me through the 11 books that have most shaped his thinking on strategy, international relations and defence policy. Available on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, etc. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00:00 - Introduction. 0:03:44 - Donald Kagan: The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War 0:29:03 - Garrett Mattingly: The Defeat of the Spanish Armada 0:47:08 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 1:25:07 - Barbara Tuchman: The Guns of August 1:44:49 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Origins of the Second World War 2:21:13 - E. H. Carr: The Twenty Years' Crisis 2:49:03 - Michael Howard: The Continental Commitment 3:07:50 - George F. Kennan: American Diplomacy 3:25:19 - Neville Meaney: The Search for Security in the Pacific, 1901–1914 3:33:39 - Henry Kissinger: Diplomacy 3:48:59 - Paul Kennedy: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers 4:00:14 - General questions.

Hugh White - Australia’s foremost strategic analyst - takes me through the 11 books that have most shaped his thinking on strategy, international relations and defence policy. Available on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, etc. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00:00 - Introduction. 0:03:44 - Donald Kagan: The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War 0:29:03 - Garrett Mattingly: The Defeat of the Spanish Armada 0:47:08 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 1:25:07 - Barbara Tuchman: The Guns of August 1:44:49 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Origins of the Second World War 2:21:13 - E. H. Carr: The Twenty Years' Crisis 2:49:03 - Michael Howard: The Continental Commitment 3:07:50 - George F. Kennan: American Diplomacy 3:25:19 - Neville Meaney: The Search for Security in the Pacific, 1901–1914 3:33:39 - Henry Kissinger: Diplomacy 3:48:59 - Paul Kennedy: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers 4:00:14 - General questions.

Hugh White - Australia’s foremost strategic analyst - takes me through the 11 books that have most shaped his thinking on strategy, international relations and defence policy. Available on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, etc. Enjoy! Timestamps: 0:00:00 - Introduction. 0:03:44 - Donald Kagan: The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War 0:29:03 - Garrett Mattingly: The Defeat of the Spanish Armada 0:47:08 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Struggle for Mastery in Europe: 1848–1918 1:25:07 - Barbara Tuchman: The Guns of August 1:44:49 - A. J. P. Taylor: The Origins of the Second World War 2:21:13 - E. H. Carr: The Twenty Years' Crisis 2:49:03 - Michael Howard: The Continental Commitment 3:07:50 - George F. Kennan: American Diplomacy 3:25:19 - Neville Meaney: The Search for Security in the Pacific, 1901–1914 3:33:39 - Henry Kissinger: Diplomacy 3:48:59 - Paul Kennedy: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers 4:00:14 - General questions.

