Samuel Thomas 🇪🇹

Ethiopians 🇪🇹 & 🇷🇼 Rwandese are brothers: There is no question about that it’s a choice we made! The world has to watch Addis Ababa and Kigali .

Ethiopia 🇪🇹 continues to inspire us every single time we visit ❤️ The strength, the culture, the ambition. We love supporting this amazing community. Follow us. #follow #connect #travel

Beautiful Habeshawit, Ethiopia ❤

For every argument, this guy keeps attaching his paper and pushing people back to it. I looked at it. His paper misuses the numbers through category collapse, citation slippage, time-mixing, legal overreach, and many other problems. I do not understand where his confidence comes from with so many issues in one paper. Anyway, let me show some of it. To pick apart every issue in that paper and respond line by line would take a month. First of all, His paper is weakest not on rhetoric but on method. The central legal move is the weakest part of it. He treats Article 6(1)(g), “availability of alternatives of comparable value,” as if it creates a one-factor veto over any Ethiopian claim for additional Blue Water. But the legal-method source in his own references is multi-factor, not one-factor. The Deribe / Mekdelawit Messay thesis explicitly frames equitable use through all relevant factors and circumstances, and it also states that it is limited to surface transboundary water sharing and does not deal with transboundary groundwater. That means his no-entitlement conclusion is his own overreach, not a conclusion established by the source he cites. The technical core of the paper has the same problem. He repeatedly treats annual groundwater recharge as if it were the same thing as exploitable annual groundwater supply. Kebede does not do that. In Kebede’s tables and discussion, annual groundwater recharge to aquifers is separated from exploitable groundwater availability. The recharge values are given in the range of 36 to 47 BMC, while exploitable groundwater availability is far lower, at 3.6 to 4.7 BMC. Once that category difference is respected, the claim that 40 BCM of renewable groundwater gives Ethiopia sufficient alternative water to negate any claim on Nile surface flows becomes much weaker. Recharge is not the same thing as immediately usable annual alternative supply. His note 21 does not fix that problem. It makes it worse. On page 6 of his paper, he writes that 40 BCM is the value “adopted by the Ethiopian Ministry of Water and Energy as the usable annual recharge rate.” But the cited Ministry source in the uploaded set, the P174867 Groundwater for Resilience Project document, is an Environmental and Social Commitment Plan, and page 1 is only the project cover and front matter. It does not state that the Ministry adopted 40 BCM as a usable annual recharge rate. So the exact proposition he assigns to the note is not proved by the note he cites. The 77 BCM water-footprint move is also overstretched. Mekonnen and Hoekstra is a water-footprint accounting appendix for 1996 to 2005. It is not a present-day legal allocation rule, and it is not a spare stock of allocable substitute water. In the Ethiopia row, the large green-water components are real, but the row also contains grey-water components that his paper leaves out when presenting the neat 77 BCM figure. So even at the accounting level the presentation is selective. More importantly, he then carries an old footprint accounting exercise into a 2024 and 2025 legal conclusion without explaining the temporal bridge. The agricultural-area narrative is similarly stitched together. His paper moves from about 14.55 million hectares in 2021 and 2022 to nearly 20 million hectares in 2024, then adds 2025 Meher sowing progress, Belg area, and commercial farms, and presents the result as if it were one clean national cultivated-area fact. It is not. These are unlike years, unlike seasons, and unlike statistical universes. Official Belg methodology treats Belg and Meher as separate seasons. A crop-year total assembled from Meher, Belg, and commercial-farm figures is not the same thing as a single current cultivated-area stock. The exact “3.7 million hectares of irrigated land” wording is even weaker because the source trail for that sentence is not cleanly pinned down from the cited pages. His Egypt denominator also needs tighter category discipline. CAPMAS distinguishes total reins area, arable land, government property, property’s land, tethered land, untethered land, and excluded land. The 2023 bulletin reports total arable land at about 9.4 million feddan, which converts to roughly 3.95 million hectares. If that is his Egypt denominator, then he should say so explicitly and identify the category precisely. Otherwise his 1.7x and 5.13x ratios are presentation, not proof. The same source overreach appears in the language that Ethiopia is already “effectively decoupled from the surface flows of the Nile.” That phrase is in his paper. It is not a hydrology-source quotation. The cited pages on rainfall, basins, lakes, groundwater, and water footprint are descriptive. They do not themselves say that Ethiopia is legally or hydrologically decoupled from Nile surface flows. That is his synthesis. So the strongest critique of his paper is not that every baseline number is fabricated. The strongest critique is that his own cited sources do not carry the legal and hydrological weight he places on them. The paper repeatedly collapses recharge into supply, turns a water-footprint account into a substitute-water stock, stitches unlike datasets into one cultivated-area headline, and converts one Article 6 factor into a near-veto over entitlement. That is not a rigorous source audit. It is an advocacy conclusion built from selective aggregation and overextended interpretation.

Inside Ethiopia's and Africa's largest flag carrier. Ethiopian 🦁. youtu.be/Gkn-a7PbhLw?si…

Across sectors and across regions, Ethiopia is creating space for growth, innovation, and partnership. Explore where your investment can make a difference. #investinethiopia

This is Jimma City of Oromia Region. Alert:- This is not AI

Addis looks like Oakland 👀👀🔥❤️

Ethiopia’s new visas, new opportunities! 🇪🇹 Regulation No. 587/2026 brings long-term investment & Golden Visas plus free 7-day stopovers. H.E. Ambassador Biruk Mekonnen highlights benefits for investors, travellers & tourism. Read more in 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘉𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘧. drive.google.com/file/d/1_UD-yZ… #EthiopiaVisaReform #InvestInEthiopia @AmbBirukUK @PMEthiopia @MFAEthiopia @GHessebon @UKinEthiopia @ics_ethiopia @flyethiopian @EthioInvestment @BritishIntInv

አራዳ እንዲ ቅይስ ነው😁😎

የSOE ዘመናዊ ሽርርር ለሀገራችን ትልቅ ውጤት አስመጣ። ከግዛት ወጥቶ የሥራ ማዕከል መሆኑ የሀገር ኃይልን በቀጣይ ይጠናክራል።

Good News 🇪🇹 According to the World Bank: Ethiopia’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) paid $600 million in taxes and $120 million in dividends to the government. #Ethiopia worldbank.org/en/news/featur…

الكاتب والمحلل السياسي الكويتي عايد المناع يفجر مفاجأة عن العلاقات المصرية الخليجية: دول الخليج ستناقش مستقبلا العلاقة مع مصر وجدوها وقد تتوقف التمويلات والزيارات والسياحة رداً على الموقف المتأخر في دعمنا ضد إيران

السيسى: عايزين ناخد هبرة للصندوق! مدبولى: مليار يا فندم السيسى: عشرة هكذا تدار مصر لا تخطيط ولا دراسة فقط هبرة هنا وهبرة هنا ولما تخلص فلوس القرض او فلوس بيع الارض يقترضوا تانى ويبيعو تانى ليهبرو

Here we go, Ethiopia 🇪🇹 is on the move! The momentum is real, the progress is visible, and the future is bright.

Lingling Zhang (Ethio-China Friendship & Cooperation Committee) tells Gazette Plus that Ethiopia is positioned to supply the entire continent, backed by growing investor interest and tech partnerships with China. #EV #GreenEnergy #Ethiopia #Sustainability web.facebook.com/share/p/1DGGZZ…

رئيس #اثيوبيا آبي أحمد علي لـ #مصر نحن من يمتلك القرار الاعلى في #سد_النهضة وليس مصر

This is the new face of Jimma City. Ethiopia 🇪🇹

Ethiopia has built or revitalized 1,155 large industries over the last five years as part of the "Made in Ethiopia" initiative under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's administration, alongside the establishment of around 13,800 small and medium enterprises. This figure, frequently highlighted in state media, reflects efforts to expand the manufacturing sector through industrial parks, special economic zones, agro-processing facilities, and other enterprises, contributing to a rise in manufacturing capacity utilization from about 46% to around 60%. While these developments demonstrate real momentum in industrialization, job creation, and economic diversification away from heavy reliance on agriculture, many facilities continue to face challenges including power reliability, logistics, access to finance, and full operational capacity. Overall, the statistic aligns with the government's broader Ten-Year Development Plan and reforms aimed at attracting foreign and domestic investment, though sustained progress will depend on addressing macroeconomic pressures and regional stability.

@akin_adesina @TekluTessema Congratulations, Your Excellency, well deserved! 🎉 An intelligent and charismatic leader driving real transformation. Proud admirer from 🇪🇹

Akinwunmi Adesina set to receive Africa’s highest lifetime award | Tribune Online tribuneonlineng.com/akinwunmi-ades…