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This is staggering… and worrying. A number that should stop everyone in their tracks.
Before Covid, the UK spent around £40 billion a year on debt interest. It’s now running at over £110 billion. Around 9p of every £1 the government collects in tax goes straight to debt interest. That’s around £4,000 per household, per year. Not for hospitals. Not for schools. Not for roads. Just the interest on what was already spent.
We now spend more on debt interest than on the entire education system. Nearly three times what we spend on defence. More than half of what we spend on the NHS. The increase alone since pre-Covid, over £70 billion, is nearly double the entire defence budget. That’s how much extra we’re paying just to stand still.
And it’s about to get worse.
Around a quarter of UK government debt is index-linked. That means when inflation rises, the cost of servicing that debt rises automatically. Immediately. The OBR’s own numbers show that every 1% increase in RPI inflation adds around £6 billion to the annual debt interest bill in the same year.
If inflation runs 1.5 to 2 percentage points above what was forecast, which is what the OECD, the Bank of England, and multiple independent forecasters are now warning, that’s an extra £9 to £12 billion a year in debt interest alone. Just from the inflation channel. Before you even account for higher gilt yields on new borrowing or potential rate rises.
The OBR’s March forecast assumed rate cuts this year. It assumed gilt yields falling. It assumed inflation heading back toward 2%. Every single one of those assumptions has been blown apart by the Iran war. The forecasts the Chancellor is relying on are already obsolete.
In 2022-23, when the Ukraine energy shock hit, debt interest spiked to a post-war record of £111.6 billion. We’re now facing a second energy shock from a weaker starting position, with higher base debt, thinner fiscal headroom, and weaker growth.
If inflation and yields remain elevated, there’s a plausible scenario where debt interest climbs toward £120 to £130 billion over the next 12 months. At that point, more than 10p in every £1 of tax goes on debt interest. Over £4,500 per household. More than three times the defence budget. Well beyond what we spend on the entire education system. For nothing.
The national debt now stands at over £95,000 per household. And the interest on it is quietly becoming the single biggest constraint on everything this country can and can’t do.
I have a lot of sympathy for the people in government trying to manage this. There are no easy answers. But I’d have a lot more sympathy if anyone was being honest about the scale of the problem. Because right now, the numbers don’t work. And they didn’t work before the war started.
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