Medical Education

Expand your clinical knowledge with WikiSM.org —a comprehensive resource for sports medicine, MSK exams, and rehabilitation—and MedEdCases.com for real-world, case-based emergency medicine learning #SportsMedicine #MedicalEducation #EmergencyMedicine #Meded #Physio #ATC #Ortho #Radiology #Pediatrics

The ulnocarpal joint is formed by the distal ulna, the triangular fibrocartilage complex, and the ulnar-sided carpal bones, primarily the lunate and triquetrum, creating a key articulation on the ulnar side of the wrist. It functions to transmit load from the forearm to the carpus and contributes to wrist stability during pronation, supination, and axial loading. Pathology most commonly includes ulnocarpal impaction syndrome and TFCC injury, which can lead to ulnar-sided wrist pain, decreased grip strength, and degenerative changes. -- Read: wikism.org/Ulnocarpal_Joi… -- #Radiology #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed

The pelvic compression test evaluates for meralgia paresthetica. The patient is positioned in the sidelying position with the symptomatic side facing up. The examiner applies a sustained downward compressive force to the pelvis, maintaining pressure for approximately 45 seconds. A positive test is indicated by alleviation of the patient’s symptoms during the maneuver. Sensitivity is 87-95%, specificity is 93%. Read: wikism.org/Pelvic_Compres… Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=NiwciP… #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

The patellar tilt test evaluates for patellofemoral pain. With the patient lying supine and the quadriceps relaxed, the examiner grasps the patella between the thumb and forefinger, lifting the lateral edge while stabilizing or compressing the medial side. A normal finding allows the lateral patella to be elevated to a horizontal position, whereas an abnormal test occurs when the lateral patella cannot be raised to horizontal. Sensitivity is 43%, specificity is 92%. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Patellar_Tilt_… -- Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=JtExtI… -- #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

The pectoralis minor length test evaluates for scapular dyskinesis among other causes of shoulder pain. The patient lies supine while the examiner measures the vertical distance from the treatment table to the posterior aspect of the acromion to assess resting pectoralis minor length. This measurement is performed three times and averaged for accuracy. A distance of ≥2.6 cm is considered a positive test, indicating a shortened pectoralis minor, while values ≤2.6 cm are considered normal. Diagnostic accuracy is unknown. Read: wikism.org/Pectoralis_Min… Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=VqkANf… #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

Fall on an outstretched hand with wrist pain… 👀 This is one of the most commonly missed fractures. You shouldn’t miss it on this xray. Can you name this fracture? -- Read: tinyurl.com/3xyrzh9x -- #orthopedics #radiology #xray #mededucation #sportsmedicine #emergencymedicine #fracture #msk #medicaleducation #learnmedicine

The clamp sign helps evaluate for scaphoid fracture in patients with wrist pain. Ask the patient to identify their area of greatest wrist pain. Patients with a suspected scaphoid injury will instinctively “clamp” the radial wrist by placing the thumb on the dorsal aspect and the index finger on the volar aspect, effectively gripping the anatomic snuffbox and localizing to the scaphoid. Sensitivity is 26%, specificity is 79%. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Clamp_Sign -- Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=Od7qAh… -- #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

Patellar instability is characterized by recurrent lateral displacement or dislocation of the patella, often associated with anatomic factors such as trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, or ligamentous laxity. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on history and exam findings like a positive apprehension test, and is supported by imaging such as radiographs or MRI to assess alignment and soft tissue injury. Management typically begins with nonoperative treatment including physical therapy focused on quadriceps strengthening and neuromuscular control, while recurrent cases or those with significant anatomic abnormalities may require surgical stabilization such as MPFL reconstruction. Read: wikism.org/Patellar_Insta… #Radiology #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed #MedicalEducation

The cyamella is a rare sesamoid bone located within the popliteus tendon in the posterolateral knee. It is usually an incidental finding on imaging but can occasionally be mistaken for a loose body or the more common Fabella. In rare cases, a symptomatic cyamella may contribute to posterolateral knee pain or mechanical irritation. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Cyamella -- #Radiology #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed

Payr test evaluates for medial meniscus injuries. The patient is positioned sitting with their legs crossed, after which the examiner applies steady downward pressure onto the flexed knees. A positive result is indicated if the patient experiences pain specifically along the medial joint line. Sensitivity 52 to 54%, specificity 35 to 44%. Read: wikism.org/Payr_Test Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=yp7BVz… #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

The patellar J sign evaluates for patellar maltracking. The patient is seated with the leg hanging off the examination table and is asked to actively extend the knee, followed by passive flexion. During the maneuver, the examiner observes patellar tracking. An abnormal finding is present when a laterally maltracking patella abruptly shifts medially as it engages the trochlear groove of the distal femur, producing the characteristic “J-shaped” motion associated with patellofemoral instability. Diagnostic accuracy is unknown. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Patellar_J_Sign -- Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=WLuuVK… -- #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

The carpal bones consist of eight small bones arranged in proximal and distal rows that form the structural foundation of the wrist and articulate with the radius and metacarpals. Their primary function is to provide stability while allowing a wide range of wrist motion, including flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation, and load transmission from the hand to the forearm. Common pathology includes scaphoid fractures, scapholunate instability, wrist osteoarthritis and keinbochs disease. Read: wikism.org/Carpal_Bones #Radiology #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed

The patellar glide test evaluates for patellar hypermobility. The patient is positioned supine with the knee flexed to about 30° over a towel roll. The examiner uses their thumbs to passively translate the patella medially and laterally, maintaining a constant patellar tilt to avoid rotational effects. This amount of mobility can be quantified in quadrants from 1-4. A positive finding is based on abnormal mobility: less than one quadrant suggests restriction, around two quadrants is considered normal, and three to four quadrants indicates excessive laxity.Diagnostic accuracy is unknown. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Patellar_Glide… -- Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=TX3y0Z… -- #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

Romberg test evaluates for cervical myelopathies and central ataxia. The patient stands with feet together and arms at their sides or crossed while the examiner first observes balance with eyes open. The patient then closes their eyes to remove visual input and attempts to maintain stability, with the examiner positioned nearby for safety. The test is considered positive if the patient cannot maintain balance and begins to fall, whereas mild swaying alone is not abnormal. Sensitivity is 55 to 63%, specificity is 58 to 90%. Read: wikism.org/Romberg_Test Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=PhGHdb… #medicine #Neurology #Neurosurgery #emergencymedicine #meded #MedicalEducation #FOAMed #clinicalpearls

The interosseous membrane of the leg is a dense fibrous sheet spanning between the tibia and fibula, composed of obliquely oriented fibers that provide structural linkage along the length of the lower leg. It functions to stabilize the tibiofibular relationship, distribute axial load from the tibia to the fibula, and serve as an attachment site for multiple leg muscles. Pathologically, it is involved in high ankle sprains, fractures with diastasis, and can contribute to chronic instability or altered load transmission when disrupted. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Interosseous_M… -- #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #Radiology #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed

The dorsal carpal ligaments consist primarily of the dorsal radiocarpal, dorsal intercarpal, and dorsal ulnocarpal ligaments, forming a stabilizing network across the dorsal aspect of the wrist connecting the radius and ulna to the carpal bones. They function to maintain carpal alignment, guide coordinated wrist motion, and resist excessive flexion and translational instability. Injury or attenuation of these ligaments can contribute to carpal instability patterns, including dorsal intercalated segment instability, scapholunate ligament injury, and chronic wrist pain or weakness. Read: wikism.org/Dorsal_Carpal_… #Radiology #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed

The patellar apprehension test evaluates for patellar instability. The patient is positioned supine with the affected knee fully extended. The examiner first applies lateral pressure to the patella, then returns the knee to neutral before applying medial pressure. A positive test is indicated by patient apprehension or pain. Sensitivity is 100%, specificity is 88%. 🔗👇 Link Below 👇🔗 -- Read: wikism.org/Patellar_Appre… -- Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=K_rFez… -- #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

Dr. Schleihauf covers CBD use in athletes in this week's post! sportsmedreview.com/blog/cbd-use-a… #sportsmed #sportsmedicine #ebm #medicine #sports #foamSM #MedEd #FOAMed #ortho #medtwitter #OrthoTwitter

Paxinos test evaluates the AC Joint as a cause of shoulder pain. The examiner places a thumb under the posterolateral acromion while positioning the index and middle fingers over the mid-clavicle, then applies simultaneous anterosuperior pressure to the acromion and inferior pressure to the clavicle. The test is considered positive if this maneuver reproduces pain at the AC joint. Sensitivity is 79%, specificity is 50%. Read: wikism.org/Paxinos_Test Watch: youtube.com/watch?v=qTanqJ… #MedicalEducation #MedEd #Physio #ATC #Orthopedics #SportsMedicine #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #FOAMed

The ulnocarpal joint is formed by the distal ulna, the triangular fibrocartilage complex, and the ulnar-sided carpal bones, primarily the lunate and triquetrum, creating a key articulation on the ulnar side of the wrist. It functions to transmit load from the forearm to the carpus and contributes to wrist stability during pronation, supination, and axial loading. Pathology most commonly includes ulnocarpal impaction syndrome and TFCC injury, which can lead to ulnar-sided wrist pain, decreased grip strength, and degenerative changes. Read: wikism.org/Ulnocarpal_Joi… #Radiology #Anatomy #ATC #SportsMedicine #Orthopedics #PhysicalTherapy #AthleticTraining #Rehab #InjuryPrevention #Physio #SportsInjury #SportsRehab #PhysioTherapy #Meded #FOAMed