Amit Mane

Spot on!

How the JVM Works We compile, run, and debug Java code all the time. But what exactly does the JVM do between compile and run? Here's the flow: Build: javac compiles your source code into platform-independent bytecode, stored as .class files, JARs, or modules. Load: The class loader subsystem brings in classes as needed using parent delegation. Bootstrap handles core JDK classes, Platform covers extensions, and System loads your application code. Link: The Verify step checks bytecode safety. Prepare allocates static fields with default values, and Resolve turns symbolic references into direct memory addresses. Initialize: Static variables are assigned their actual values, and static initializer blocks execute. This happens only the first time the class is used. Memory: Heap and Method Area are shared across threads. The JVM stack, PC register, and native method stack are created per thread. The garbage collector reclaims unused heap memory. Execute: The interpreter runs bytecode directly. When a method gets called multiple times, the JIT compiler converts it to native machine code and stores it in the code cache. Native calls go through JNI to reach C/C++ libraries. Run: Your program runs on a mix of interpreted and JIT-compiled code. Fast startup, peak performance over time.