Dara in Chains@DarainChains
Here is a big post about every cell SC2 infects in the body that we know of so far.
## Comprehensive Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Locations
Why can't we just worry about the spike protein?
SC2 binds to various receptors across multiple body regions, allowing for entry into diverse cell types. Here’s an expanded list of the receptors, their associated cell types, and specific anatomical locations throughout the body, including the brain and major organs.
1. ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2)
- Cell Types:
Epithelial cells, endothelial cells
- Locations:
- Lungs:
Alveolar type II cells
- Heart:
Cardiomyocytes
- Kidneys:
Proximal tubular cells
- Intestine:
Enterocytes in the small intestine
- Blood Vessels: Endothelial cells lined in arteries and veins
- Testes:
Leydig and Sertoli cells
- Nasal Epithelium:
Ciliated epithelial cells
- Mouth and Throat:
Oral epithelial cells
2. TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2)
- Cell Types:
Epithelial cells
- Locations:
- Lungs:
Respiratory epithelial cells
- Prostate:
Prostate glandular cells
- Intestine:
Enterocytes of the small intestine
- Pancreas:
Ductal cells
3. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4)
- Cell Types:
Immune and epithelial cells
- Locations:
- Lungs:
Epithelial cells
- Pancreas:
Islet cells (β-cells)
- Kidneys:
Renal tubular epithelial cells
- Heart:
Cardiac fibroblasts
- Brain:
Neuronal cells
4. Neuropilin-1
- Cell Types:
Endothelial and neuronal cells
- Locations:
- Lungs:
Vascular endothelial cells
- Brain:
Neurons and glial cells (including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes)
- Heart:
Cardiomyocytes
- Intestine:
Intestinal epithelial cells
5. Heparan Sulfate
- Cell Types: Present on diverse cell types
- Locations:
- Lungs: Epithelial and endothelial cells
- Blood Vessels: Endothelial cells throughout the circulatory system
- Brain:
Neurons and glial cells
- Muscle:
Skeletal muscle cells
- Skin:
Dermal fibroblasts
6. Furin
- Cell Types:
Various human tissue cells
- Locations:
- Lungs:
Epithelial cells
- Brain:
Neuronal cells and glial cells
- Heart:
Cardiomyocytes
- Pancreas:
Exocrine pancreatic cells
- Intestine:
Enterocytes
7. CD147 (Basigin)
- Cell Types:
Various cell types
- Locations:
- Lungs: Epithelial cells
- Brain:
Neuronal cells
- Heart:
Myocardial cells
- Immune System:
T cells and macrophages throughout the body
8. KREMEN-1
- Cell Types: Developing tissues
- Locations:
- Embryonic tissues:
The exact roles in adult tissues are still under investigation.
These receptors and their distribution across various organs, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, intestines, brain, and skin, contribute to the wide-ranging effects of SC2 infection and its potential complications in multiple systems throughout the body. So while vaccine injury is happening, it's only to do with 1 type which is the Spike2.
Next let's look at megakaryocytes and why that is important in LC.