Statology

Learn four statistical principles for rigorously evaluating and improving LLM prompt performance. statology.org/statistical-th…

Learn how DoWhy automatically identifies causal estimands using the Lalonde dataset in three steps. statology.org/how-to-use-dow…

Estimate the Average Treatment Effect in Python using DoWhy with regression and propensity score matching on real data. statology.org/how-to-estimat…

Learn how to stress-test causal effect estimates in DoWhy using refutation methods on the Lalonde dataset. statology.org/how-to-test-yo…

Learn how to build and test causal inference models in Python using the DoWhy library. statology.org/getting-starte…

Learn how probability, outs, and card removal drive every decision in Texas Hold 'Em. statology.org/understanding-…

Clean raw Microsoft Forms survey exports in Excel for t-tests, ANOVA, regression, and more. statology.org/cleaning-micro…

Explore how LLMs use logits, temperature, and sampling strategies to generate text word by word. statology.org/the-statistics…

Epsilon is the parameter that controls how much privacy protection a differential privacy system provides, and what its value means matters. statology.org/what-is-epsilo…

A privacy budget sets a measurable limit on how much information a dataset can reveal before individual privacy is compromised. statology.org/what-is-a-priv…

De-identified data isn't always anonymous. Here's why re-identification risk matters for anyone working with data. statology.org/what-is-re-ide…

Learn how to design statistically valid surveys in Microsoft Forms by minimizing bias and choosing appropriate response scales. statology.org/designing-stat…

Learn five methods to move beyond correlation and establish causality in your data analysis work. statology.org/5-ways-to-go-b…

Why casinos always win: the probability theory that explains inevitable player ruin. statology.org/gamblers-ruin-…

The mean is the most misused statistic in existence — here are five examples that prove it. statology.org/why-the-averag…

Five real cases where collecting more data led to biased polls, false discoveries, and overconfident predictions. statology.org/5-times-a-larg…

Discover why just 23 people gives a better than 50% chance of two sharing a birthday. statology.org/the-birthday-p…

Learn what data anonymization is, why simply removing names is rarely enough, and how re-identification attacks work. statology.org/what-is-data-a…

Learn how to use Microsoft Copilot in Excel to analyze data, build formulas, and create charts using plain language. statology.org/getting-starte…

Learn how hindsight bias distorts statistical analysis, model interpretation, and data-driven conclusions. statology.org/hindsight-bias…