tarquiniusalgadinius

"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy." --Max Weinreich

Walter Firmo foi o olhar por trás de umas das fotos mais famosas do fotojornalismo brasileiro. Tirada na casa de Pixinguinha, com o maestro embalando seu saxofone numa cadeira de balanço. Esse é o resultado do encontro de dois gênios. 📷Walter Firmo, 1967

Martha Graham and her dance troupe performing "Heretic", 1931.

PIE was a real language that was likely spoken in the Pontic-Caspian steppe. It predates the advent of writing and is not attested, so linguists can only try to reconstruct it as best they can based on established sound changes, comparative evidence, etc. The reconstructions (there are multiple proposed models) are not perfect, but that is true of any reconstructed language. If you wish to critique Indo-European linguistics, you must therefore critique the methodology rather than argue that a "best-fit" is not a "perfect-fit," as linguists have already conceded that the model is not 100% accurate. Reconstruction methods often do work as expected. Even before the Gallehus Horn inscription was analyzed, linguists already predicted that early Germanic languages should have certain endings (like -az and -iz) which later disappeared in Old Norse. Likewise, even before the Hittite tablets were deciphered, Ferdinand de Saussure predicted that PIE had "coefficients sonantiques" that disappeared yet left "bruises" on the neighboring vowels.

"Someone once complained to Chaplin that his camera angles weren’t interesting. He said, “They don’t have to be. I’m interesting." --- Peter Bogdanovich

In the 1880s, textile mill workers in Bombay were forced to work 7 days a week with brutal hours. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande, now regarded as the father of India’s trade union movement, organised workers and demanded Sunday off. Mill owners asked: “why do you need Sunday off?”

The promise of the early web was that all the world’s knowledge would be preserved and accessible. In the past several years we’ve seen attempts to destroy every major hub of the knowledge-based internet. The “information super-highway” is a dream that is nearly dead.

@Amadeo3799600 @_alice_evans That is absolutely unscientific. It's easier to admit you hate black and foreign people, no need to go through all those hoops.

"I'm inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" because "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours – whereas all the testing says not " ― James Watson, Nobel Laureate ,Father of DNA Resource rich, human capital destitute black hole . Civilisation and culture (or lack thereof ) is an evolutionary soft eugenics feedback loop IQ and behavioral genetics are everything.

"In Africa mobilising the resources for political power was more easily achieved through tapping into external flows than mobilising internal resources. The most crucial of these external flows was the slave trade. The tragic irony was that the factors that strengthened rulers individually weakened them collectively.. Rulers became locked into destructive competition with each other, undermining their capacity to resist European conquest". Forthcoming book, by JC Sharman.

@ivanildoiii Quem cria alma é Deus, não o teu pinto meu amigo.

Este é mais um exemplo da incompreensão, que parece ser geral, de psicólogos a respeito do cristianismo. Todo cristão é convidado a lutar contra própria sexualidade e ordenar os seus desejos. Não há sexo casual para um cristão. Entenda. O ato sexual é, para um cristão, uma forma de literalmente participar da potência criadora de Deus. Assim, como o amor entre o Pai e o Filho gera o Espírito Santo, a relação entre um casal gera uma terceira pessoa. É o único ato humano que pode gerar algo divino e transcendental: outra alma. Por mais paradoxal que isso seja para quem não é cristão, sexo é sagrado. Não existe sexo “livre” para ninguém. A fé cristã não propõe uma mudança de orientação, mas uma disciplina do desejo que é universal. O que o Gabriel aqui está dizendo é que ele é incapaz de lidar com este código de valores. Um casal de namorados que quer esperar até o casamento? Ele não sabe o que fazer. Um cristão que se separou da sua esposa ainda viva? Seria deletério tentar ajudá-lo a viver os preceitos da sua fé e ser celibatário. Um homem que sequer tem namorada, mas quer parar de se masturbar? Ao que tudo indica, o psicólogo abaixo chamaria de “cura hétero”. Se um psicólogo acha 'deleterério' ajudar um fiel a viver o celibato ou a castidade por escolha própria, ele não está rejeitando a 'cura gay', mas declarando que qualquer cristão (seja o separado que não casará de novo ou o jovem que espera o matrimônio) é incapaz de ser atendido por ele. O que ele chama de 'ajuda' é, na verdade, uma tentativa de secularizar o paciente à força. Note que a incompreensão sobre o que cristianismo defende é tão grande que passar a sentir desejos por mulheres é a resposta cristã para homossexualidade, quando qualquer um que sabe da fé entende que isso só cria outro problema. E isso não é algo escondido. A Igreja existe há 2 mil anos carregando esses ensinamentos e os falando para quem quer ouvi-los. O que não parece ser o caso da maioria dos psicólogos que se manifestaram recentemente.

The Phoenix Program deserves its own reckoning. Because it is not taught in American schools. Because it does not appear in most American War movies. Because the people who ran it went on to long, decorated careers in intelligence and government and were never once called to account for what they did. Phoenix was a CIA program. Officially called Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support. Its goal was to identify and eliminate the Viet Cong infrastructure, meaning anyone suspected of supporting or sympathizing with the National Liberation Front. Between 1965 and 1972, it reportedly killed between 20,000 and 40,000 Vietnamese civilians. Tortured tens of thousands more. In interrogation centers built by American money, staffed by American-trained personnel, overseen by American advisors. The methods were not subtle. Electric shock. Waterboarding. Rape. Mutilation. The tiger cages of Con Son Island, cramped stone boxes where prisoners were kept folded for weeks, were built with American funding and American approval. A CIA officer who ran the program, William Colby, later became Director of the CIA. He testified before Congress about Phoenix. He was never charged. He wrote a book. He became a respected member of the foreign policy establishment. And now his grandson, Elbridge Colby, sits at the center of U.S. defense policy. This is not ancient history. The logic of Phoenix, identify, isolate, eliminate civilian support networks, was used in Iraq. In Afghanistan. In other places whose names we don't know yet. The institution that built Phoenix still exists. The men it trained trained other men. The program ends. The program never ends. Vietnam showed it could be resisted. Vietnam showed it could be survived. Vietnam is still here.

@_D1060_ @drewcrawford_ The politicians own the soybean fields...

@drewcrawford_ Brazil is in a perfect spot but can the politicians keep their hands off the cookie jar?

84% of American soybean farmers say they're concerned about competition from Brazil. They're not concerned enough. Brazil exported 108.2 million tonnes of soybeans in 2025. A new record. $43.5 billion in revenue... And it did this while hauling grain by truck 2,171 km across a continent on roads that are 14% paved, with a rail network that uses 26% of its installed track. Brazil is already beating America in the global soybean market with the worst logistics infrastructure of any major agricultural exporter on earth. Now it's fixing that. 8 railway concessions just launched. 9,000+ km of new track. R$140 billion in investment. Contracts up to 99 years. The Ferrogrão alone (933 km from Mato Grosso to the Amazon river system) cuts freight costs 30-40% for a state that produces more soybeans than most countries. Northern Arc ports already handle 39% of grain exports, up from 23% in 2010. Soybean volumes through those ports grew 19% in a single year. Itaqui and Barcarena grew 80% and 70% respectively in four years. Today, a farmer in Sorriso pays R$300/tonne to truck grain to Santos. A farmer in Iowa barges grain down the Mississippi for a fraction of that. And Brazil still wins on landed cost to Shanghai. Remove the logistics handicap, and the competition isn't close. It's over. Brazilian farmland: $5,200/hectare. Iowa: $49,400. Two harvests per year vs one. Soy yields growing 2.8% annually for 20 years (global average: 1.45%). Labor at a fraction of US costs. Energy at half. The only thing keeping American soybeans competitive is Brazil's bad roads. Brazil just bet R$140 billion on fixing them. Read more about the opportunity here: x.com/drewcrawford_/…

National Cinema Dictionary: K is for Kazakh Cinema. The Fall of Otrar (Ardak Amirkulov, 1991). A historical-adventure epic.

The use of primary energy on the vertical axis is an old trick by the fossil fuel industry to mislead people into thinking that one unit of fossils = one unit of renewables. In fact, one unit of primary energy for wind or solar electricity is the equivalent of three units of fossil fuels for electricity. Another trick is to pretend we need all those fossils if we switched to renewables. In fact, if we switch to renewables, 12% of the fossil fuel energy disappears because that is how much energy is used to mine-transport-refine fossil fuels+uranium for energy, and we wouldn't need to do that anymore A third trick is to pretend we need so much energy if we go to all electricity powered by renewables. In that case, because EVs use 75% less energy than gasoline/diesel vehicles, heat pumps use 75% less energy than combustion heating, etc., energy demand goes down another 42%. In sum, this plot illustrates the real story of where we are and where we need to go. The proper metric is end-use energy, not primary energy. web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jac… and here's the paper web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jac…

These are Twelve Ceramic Zodiac Figures from the Tang Dynasty of China (618–907 AD).

La aparición del fantasma de la versión soviética de HAMLET (1964) es una masterclass de horror gótico que ya quisieran muchas películas de terror. La cámara lenta, los susurros, la capa ondeante y la tormenta es una combinación expresionista perfecta.

Una gran obra del padre de Antonio Pérez ( ¡Ay, a esto dedicaban su tiempo libre los ministros de Felipe II!) y una interesante versión, con permiso de @Juanmanuelmaci

Holy shit

the opening credits of chinese wuxia films are just stunning

🇦🇫🇺🇸 Imagens históricas de uma emboscada feita pelo Talibã contra um comboio militar dos EUA durante a Guerra do Afeganistão. Os combatentes do Talibã utilizaram a vantagem geográfica de se posicionar em montanhas e emboscar as tropas dos EUA enquanto passavam em locais baixos.