César Chávez, prominent figure in the American labor movement, took a stance against immigration, particularly contra foreign workers hired by agricultural growers. In 1969, Chávez and UFW members marched to the border to protest the function of «illegals» as strikebreakers. | ↓

Chávez asserted—without providing proof—that the CIA was orchestrating a scheme to weaken his movement. He increasingly accused foreigners of being brought in as «scabs», and established the Illegals Campaign, with Liza Hirsch in charge, to track and deport this demographic. | ↓