ShadowsOfConstantinople@RomeInTheEast
Why did Constantinople decay so badly from 1204-1261 under Crusader occupation?
A mix of deliberate destruction and negligence.
“In their ceaseless search for something to sell, the Latin emperors went so far as to have the copper and lead stripped from the roofs of buildings, including those of their own residence, the Great Palace, and then to sell it for scrap.”
“The emperors were not the only culprits here. The Latin patriarch of Constantinople, Matthew of Jesolo (1221–6), did much the same, targeting the roofs of the churches of Constantinople. With their roofs gone, the churches inevitably fell into ruin. Sometimes the damage done to the churches was for liturgical rather than financial reasons. The western Church used a different liturgy and ceremonial from the Orthodox Church of the Byzantine empire, so changes were made in those churches and monasteries that were taken over by Latin clergy. In the chapel of the St Sampson Hospital the iconostasis, the screen which stood between the altar and the congregation, was taken out and according to one report used as a latrine cover for the patients.”
“The greatest damage, however, did not come about through Latin greed or vandalism but simply as a consequence of there no longer being the resources available to maintain the enormous heritage of fine buildings. Many of them just fell into ruin through lack of routine repairs. The church of St John the Theologian in Hebdomon was in such a bad condition by 1260 that it was being used as a stable.”
“Even the Great Palace, the residence of the Latin emperors, was in a state of decay. It had been damaged by stones hurled over the walls by Latin catapults during the sieges of 1203 and 1204 and the damage had never been made good. Inside, the mosaic decoration on the ceilings and walls became blackened with soot from the smoky lamps and fires used to light and warm the place. Even the figures on the pediments of columns somehow got smashed.”
“By contrast, there is virtually no evidence of anything being created or built under the Latin regime. There are some surviving frescoes depicting the life of St Francis of Assisi in the church of the Virgin Kyriotissa and it would seem that Emperor Henry I ordered the building of a church in honour of an Icelandic saint, Thorlac. Some work may have been done to buttress the walls of Hagia Sophia. That, however, was as far as it went.”
“Consequently by 1261, Constantinople was in a sorry state, ‘a plain of desolation’, as one later observer put it, ‘full of ruins ... with houses razed to the ground and a few buildings which had survived the great fire’.”
Source - Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium by Jonathan Harris