Brain

Lyndon proposes that functional neurological disorder reflects disordered precision control in predictive coding. Arousal can transiently over-amplify confidence in maladaptive predictions so that they override sensory feedback, giving rise to symptoms. shorturl.at/FYqYG

Koutsouleris et al. applied machine learning to structural MRI data and found that self-reported cognitive symptoms, but not ultra-high-risk psychosis symptoms, are linked to a distinctive brain signature also seen in schizophrenia. shorturl.at/USI4d

Damage to the amygdala is associated with reduced empathic accuracy. However, Scheffer et al. show that patients with amygdala lesions are as motivated to empathise as controls, indicating that motivational components of empathy are preserved. shorturl.at/QgvdF

Zhang et al. show that maternal antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis is associated with hypomyelination in offspring. Postnatal propionate supplementation rescues the deficit. shorturl.at/TX1o7

Jones Jagaraj et al. show that cofilin is hyperphosphorylated in spinal cord from pts with sporadic ALS, disrupting actin dynamics and promoting TDP-43 mislocalisation and aggregation. Preventing cofilin phosphorylation in vitro reduced TDP-43 pathology. shorturl.at/ImyBo

Mutations in PTEN cause neuronal hypertrophy & excess synaptogenesis linked to epilepsy. Prina et al. show that deleting Akt1 and Akt3 in Pten-conditional ko mice rescues these abnormalities and prevents seizures, identifying AKT as a therapeutic target. shorturl.at/pNXVI

Corazzolla et al. used PET-MRI to measure TSPO in the skull bone of patients with MS. TSPO was elevated in secondary progressive disease and correlated with disability, white matter loss and cognitive impairment, suggesting biomarker potential. shorturl.at/sqXkq

Seizures & sleep disturbances are common in AD. Shandilya et al. show that modifying a key region of tau in mice reduces its pathological interactions with proteins implicated in seizures and excitotoxicity, while preserving cognitive and motor function. shorturl.at/jfzGR

Donadio et al. show that the detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in skin nerves is a highly reliable biomarker for the early identification of Parkinson’s disease. shorturl.at/iRKBE

The symbol for DNA is all around us, on advertising and in the news. Yet it is almost always drawn incorrectly. Elizabeth Fisher explains how it should be depicted, and why it is important that we get the famous double helix right. shorturl.at/D5P91

Using data from the SMArtCARE registry, Voigt-Müller et al. examine how treatment preferences for spinal muscular atrophy have evolved over time in response to the sequential approval of new therapies. shorturl.at/vGZMD; commentary: shorturl.at/zvwNW

Chen et al. show that rigid and repetitive behaviours occur across dementia syndromes, most prominently in behavioural variant FTD. These symptoms are linked to structural and functional changes in the brain’s reward hub, the nucleus accumbens. shorturl.at/I75YN

Many people with schizophrenia experience problems with movement. While these are often attributed to medication, Joseph et al. explore evidence suggesting that sensorimotor abnormalities may instead be a core element of the disease. shorturl.at/YdlmJ

Delamare et al. present a computational model of memory formation inspired by recent experimental data, in which individual memories are encoded not only in synapses, but also in the nucleus via epigenetic plasticity. shorturl.at/HJ1Hi

Zheng et al. identify plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles carrying tau proteins as biomarkers for PSP. These markers accurately distinguish PSP from PD, even in early stages, offering a promising non-invasive blood test for diagnosis. shorturl.at/3pB6r

Chrysostomidou et al. have developed a human iPSC co-culture model that reveals a role for macrophages in sensitising damaged sensory neurons, suggesting that targeting macrophages could be an alternative strategy for treating neuropathic pain. shorturl.at/vMqd6

Histone deacetylase 6 is upregulated in AD, but its role in disease pathogenesis is unclear. Lee et al. show that HDAC6 stabilizes BACE1 via deacetylation – thereby increasing Aβ production – and promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation. shorturl.at/TETUK

Maletic et al. used patient-derived mosaic cortical organoids to model focal cortical dysplasia caused by two-hit DEPDC5 mutations. They show that biallelic DEPDC5 loss disrupts corticogenesis and increases neuronal excitability. shorturl.at/k7Puc

Rajicic et al. performed bulk RNA seq on temporal cortex from patients with FTLD-TDP C. After excluding tauopathy-related genes and adjusting for neuronal loss, they found a specific downregulation of postsynaptic pathways. shorturl.at/JnRj4

Siew et al. show that berbamine hydrochloride – a brain-penetrant small molecule inhibitor of intracellular galectin-3 – reduces microglial activation and improves symptoms in a Huntington’s disease mouse model. shorturl.at/gohTh