Damian Domke

@WesleyLHuff Muratorian Fragment actually shows the opposite: even the NT canon wasn’t settled around 170. That makes claims about a fixed OT consensus at the same time methodologically tricky.

Today’s #manuscriptmonday is the Crosby-Schøyen Codex which contains a letter of Melito of Sardis, a Christian author in the 2nd century. Melito wrote out a list of Old Testament books he considered scripture that aligns quite closely with the Protestant Old Testament. Melito’s list from around 170 AD included all Old Testament books except possibly Esther, whereas the standard Protestant Old Testament contains thirty-nine books. Since Melito excluded Esther, his collection would have contained approximately thirty-eight books—only one fewer than the Protestant canon. Along with the lack of Esther Melito inverted the order of Numbers and Leviticus compared to traditional Jewish arrangement, suggesting he may have reorganized material based on his own theological priorities. Despite these variations, Melito’s fundamental agreement with the Protestant canon on which books belong to Scripture demonstrates remarkable early Christian consensus. A Jerusalem list from the same period (c. 170) included all thirty-nine Old Testament books, suggesting that by the late 2nd century, the core content of the Protestant Old Testament was already widely recognized as authoritative, even if questions about Esther and organizational schemes remained unsettled.

@Vicar1973 This is just a tiny part of the history of the Crusades.

Remember, the Crusades were fought to rescue *Christians* in the Middle East from ungodly oppressors. Maybe it's time for another Crusade. Everyone is so wrapped up in what Israel and Hamas are doing - meanwhile the plight of Middle Eastern Christians is largely ignored and they suffer greatly. Who will care for Christians in the region? Who looks out for their interests as their population declines?

@PatAbendroth Do you never get tired of it? You are condemning a huge part of your own tradition.

Opponents of the active obedience of Christ are purposefully or inadvertently opponents of the gospel. No hope without it!

@Rblv73 @WesleyLHuff As a Protestant, this was tough to watch.

Is @WesleyLHuff more closely aligned with Mormonism? Increasingly making cases that the Church Christ established in 33AD underwent a “blackout “ for 1,500 years. “This was defended as scripture vigorously by Catholic apologists following Trent". Historical records clearly show defenses of the deuterocanonical books as scripture predating Trent by over 1,000 yearsaffirmed in councils like Rome (382 CE), Hippo (393 CE), and Carthage (397 CE), and defended by figures like Augustine. The "following Trent" phrasing implies a post-1546 origin for such defenses, which is inaccurate. Judge for yourself.

@TonyReinke Beza was the king of Christian poems at that time.

Bullinger still speaks.

@PatAbendroth The evidence is not as clear as Fesko thinks.

"Regardless of the name, early modern Reformed theologians agreed regarding the existence of the covenant of works" Fesko, Adam and the Covenant of Works

@RefClassicalist This does not speak about IAOC.

Calvin on the active obedience of Christ. When it is asked then how Christ, by abolishing sin, removed the enmity between God and us, and purchased a righteousness which made him favourable and kind to us, it may be answered generally, that he accomplished this by the whole course of his obedience. This is proved by the testimony of Paul, “As by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous,” (Rom. 5:19). And indeed he elsewhere extends the ground of pardon which exempts from the curse of the law to the whole life of Christ, “When the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law,” (Gal. 4:4, 5). Thus even at his baptism he declared that a part of righteousness was fulfilled by his yielding obedience to the command of the Father. In short, from the moment when he assumed the form of a servant, he began, in order to redeem us, to pay the price of deliverance. Institutes, II.16.5

@mattjhedges11 stressing negotiation, contingency, and internal diversity rather than straightforward Curial control, also in the debates on justification.

@mattjhedges11 Interesting, and Rückert is still worth reading for how sharply he captures the tensions around Trent, the role of the legates (del Monte etc.), and the imperial context. Modern scholarship (Jedin, O’Malley, Firpo) has nuanced this picture, though,

This is a very interesting 1920s monograph which I recently ran through AI so I could read it. It argues that the Council of Trent was controlled and manipulated throughout by the Roman Curia, and deliberately went against the wishes of the Holy Roman Empire at the time. It also records instances in which the Papal legates (such as Cardinal del Monte, who would later become pope himself) obstinately opposed the rest of the council, and tried to dissolve the synod altogether or constantly relocate it to Italy so that it would be under further papal control.

@MateyYanakiev @dgh5391 Yes

@dgh5391 Doesn’t Philippians 3:8–9 explicitly deny that the righteousness imputed comes from obedience to the Law, but is rather a separate righteousness from God?

"The righteousness by which we are justified and stand righteous before God, is not our own righteousness, but the righteousness of Christ, Phil. 3:8,9; 2 Cor. 5:21, not the righteousness of Christ as God the second Person in Trinity, but as Mediator, God-man." —Edward Leigh

@dgh5391 , is not in us, and will never be in us; otherwise, we too would have felt the pains that he obediently endured. For according to Romans 5, the same is understood: we are justified by his blood, as well as by the death of the Son and by the obedience of the One." Co. Phil.,p. 43.

@dgh5391 Olevianus on that passage: "So what is the righteousness of God? It is perfect obedience, which was not accomplished by us in our flesh, but was offered in the flesh and soul of the Son of God, even unto death, even unto death on the cross. This thing (I say) has never been in us

The exegesis of Philippians 3:8-9 demonstrates the doctrine of the active obedience of Christ being imputed to all believers in justification. The ST doctrine is derived from exegesis (see also, 2LCF 11:1).

@PatAbendroth Does the gospel now only consist in the remission of sins? I thought that's not enough? I am confused.

Thankful for the clarity of Trent...even though they officially damn the gospel.

@F_Lactantius Looking forward to your translation!

@Cathedralulus A masterpiece, of course!

Pleased to be producing a new translation of the Pro Milone, to be published later this year. (Etsi vereor ne hoc vulgando nomen recludam meum!)

@heidelcast @RScottClark @Heidelblog01 @HeidelbergRefo1 Is it this time of the year again?

The latest Heidelvideo is up, have you watched it yet? Check out this clip, and click the link for more! @RScottClark @heidelblog01 @heidelbergrefo1 youtu.be/QqPZulFdjDI?si…

@DrInquisitivus Good point. One mistake in the 6-forms-of-unityism is that they think Westminster and 3FU are almost identical. And then you read back Westminster into 3FU. Which is a mistake. Two different but related Reformed traditions.

Dordt is compatible with HU (see the British divines, Bremen, etc.), and Westminster is disputed. What do you do, then, when 3FU and the Westminster standards are not equally extensive in what they (arguably) rule out? Or would you dispute the Dordt point?

Is the logic here, Dr. Clark, that Reformedness is defined by the confessions, the confessions deny a universal satisfaction, therefore that's incompatible with the Reformed? What that makes me wonder is this: my impression is that there's generally a scholarly consensus that

@SteveCooleySr @jesserandolph_ Ursinus, Olevianus, Gataker, Piscator, Vines, Twisse, Polanus (until 1597), Pareus, Martin Bucer (although he predates the concept). Calvin is ambigous. And many more.

@jesserandolph_ Who are some of the great theologians who held your view on the non-imputation of Christ’s righteousness to believers? Or, will I have to wait for the footnotes? Maybe just a couple of your faves?

This week has been simultaneously joyous and laborious, as I’ve simultaneously worn the hats of both the shepherd and the scholar. It’s been a week of digging through arcane resources and proofreading footnotes, but also a week of wading through a variety of local church matters. A blessed week, and an exhausting week, and by God’s good grace, Chapter 1 of the Thesis (currently clocking in at 39 pages, with 114 footnotes) is done! Praise the Lord, and thank you for your prayers! On to Chapter 2 next week! 📖🤓

@revsujithsamuel I can imagine. Haven't read any so far but I look forward.

@Cathedralulus Poetry of Syriac fathers is so good.

I started reading the Syriac Church Fathers and realise I chose the wrong subject of study. They are so fascinating.

Anyone else planning to attend the Cumbria Psalm Roar, 21st February? I would love to see some of you there!