JAMA Network Open

For people at high risk of #HepatitisC, a point-of-care RNA-first testing approach identified more cases, increased treatment initiation, reduced transmission, and lowered lifetime costs compared with standard laboratory testing across all care settings. ja.ma/480pYMy

Among adults aged ≥65 years, higher emergency department use during summer heat was observed in an urban safety-net hospital serving socioeconomically vulnerable groups, indicating that #ExtremeHeat impacts are not captured by citywide advisories. ja.ma/3NxvGyE

Among children with #PeanutAllergy, both peanut oral immunotherapy and probiotic-based oral immunotherapy were cost-effective compared with avoidance for remission, with probiotic-based immunotherapy offering improved quality of life. ja.ma/4sRYUqS

Only 4.4% of FDA-marketed #AI-enabled medical devices had pediatric labeling, with most areas lacking pediatric-specific devices and longer review times and more trial registrations than adult devices. ja.ma/4bFx2zo

Abnormal laboratory results were common in both children with #PANS and those with idiopathic #OCD or tic disorders, and the full panel of recommended tests rarely identified underlying somatic conditions. ja.ma/3NTZoxT

Smokers with negative baseline low-dose computed tomography findings exhibited elevated long-term #LungCancer risk, especially ≥20 pack-years, with risk becoming significant 3 years after screening and more pronounced in women at similar exposures. ja.ma/4bmBOmu

Among older adults with APOE34/44 genotypes, higher #MeatConsumption was associated with slower cognitive decline and lower #Dementia risk, while no association was found in other APOE genotypes. ja.ma/4rKXBt4

In patients with severe #AlcoholAssociatedHepatitis, higher neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower likelihood of #LiverTransplant referral, especially at intermediate Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores. ja.ma/4bAju82

After a positive fecal occult blood test, a negative #Colonoscopy was associated with reduced #ColorectalCancer risk, while nonadherence to colonoscopy was linked to a marked increase in incidence. ja.ma/4bwm9zH

Surgical management for patients with primary #Hyperparathyroidism was associated with reduced fracture incidence compared with nonsurgical management across a range of fracture risks, and use of FRAX thresholds may broaden surgical eligibility. ja.ma/4bztoXz

For #EmergencyMedicine patients aged 80 years or older, all early warning scores demonstrated fair accuracy, but the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) showed more consistent predictive performance, especially among those older than 94 years. ja.ma/4bFXSHF

Warfarin patient self-management was safely and effectively implemented in four US centers, with 87% of participants maintaining or improving therapeutic range and low risk of adverse events. ja.ma/4lPtCyD

Machine learning models using sleep EEG can generate a brain age index, and a higher BAI was validated as a prognostic marker for increased risk of future #Dementia, suggesting BAI may help in early digital risk stratification. ja.ma/4lDhxg1

RCT: #Radial (91%) had slightly lower success rate vs femoral (96%) access for #CerebralAngiography, but radial access markedly reduced post-procedure bedrest duration and patient-reported pain, with similar complication rates. ja.ma/4lFLfAJ

Mobile health units conducting community outreach in Detroit identified higher prevalence of stage 3 or greater #ChronicKidneyDisease among older adults, Black patients, and those with #Diabetes, supporting the value of population-wide screening. ja.ma/4lD1UoO

Receiving care from a women's health primary care practitioner was associated with significantly reduced attrition among new women veteran patients in the Veterans Health Administration. ja.ma/4siKctj

Among adults in California, factual #vaccination social media posts from trusted public health organizations and health care workers were preferred over humorous or unsourced content, and artwork style did not alter preferences. ja.ma/3PfYyvW

Survey: Female physicians had higher burnout and lower professional fulfillment than male physicians, with differences in burnout fully mediated by self-valuation, leadership support, values alignment, control over schedule, and EHR helpfulness. ja.ma/4sPF93b

High #Chikungunya virus seroprevalence was found among adults and schoolchildren in French Polynesia, but modeling indicates the risk of sustained transmission could increase after 2025 if social mixing patterns and population immunity change. ja.ma/4skjkcl

For #biologic drugs nearing biosimilar competition, use of manufacturer coupons for new product line extensions increased and offset a greater share of patient costs than earlier products, indicating coupon programs may facilitate product hopping. ja.ma/3NwIUf1