Brandon B

The world’s biggest producer of batteries for electric vehicles needs to grow, but Trump and European politicians are standing in its way bloomberg.com/news/features/…

New electric vehicle battery can run 600 miles before recharge trib.al/o8o1Pkq

@CityPowerJhb no electricity bellevue east several streets.

@Munyah_Wacho 😂😂 ah

What people think Mechanical Engineers do vs What Mechanical Engineers actually do.

@Arsenal_Chizzyy Kiwior

Which of these Arsenal players would you keep at all cost ?

@CityPowerJhb We are still waiting for ETR

#InnerCitySDC #CityPowerUpdates Inner City SDC: Outage Update Date: 08 June 2025 Time: 06h50 We are aware of an outage affecting customers in Yeoville, Bellevue, Berea, Houghton, and Observatory. Operators have been notified and will be dispatched to investigate the cause of the outage. Further details will be provided once made available. We will continue to update the affected customers on the progress on our WhatsApp channel whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va… as well as on social media @CityPowerJhb. For isolated individual calls and any other electricity related queries, customers are advised to log calls on citypower.mobi or call 011 490 7484. We apologise for the inconvenience caused.^RM

The Zimbabwean government is committing a massive genocide in our government hospitals! It’s not the first time I heard a story like this in which hospitals have no water or electricity. Families have to buy bandages up to the last needle. If you don’t have money, you die! Some families are so poor that doctors subsidize and end up using their own money from their peanuts salary to buy extras for patients. Activists are not noise makers who have nothing to do! They are not lazy people or western puppets as the government wants you to believe so that they discredit the people who call out their looting which has created a mess in government hospitals! Tinopona Katsande deserves all of our support and protection. The courage to speak up about our hospitals comes from a deep place of being human! Young Zimbabweans, Vuka, be angry, change the establishment and fight the status quo! This government will kill us all!

Where is Jesus in all of this? #DoulosCNF

@TatendaMungofa Life lesson 3 hit hard.

3 LESSONS 1. DELAY is God's way of showing you who is for you and who is against you. 2. Not everything is about good and evil or spiritual. LAZINESS and ignorance leads to one missing their God given promise. 3. People want to benefit from you - whether they tell you or not.

@CityPowerJhb @CityPowerJhb Bellevue Substation Pope Street has no power for the past 4 days. No power has been restored since Monday even after your announcement of power being restored twice.

@CityPowerJhb @CityPowerJhb Bellevue Substation Pope Street has no power for the past 4 days. No power has been restored since Monday even after your announcement of power being restored twice.

#CityPowerUpdates #CityPowerOutages #InnerCitySDC Kindly note the below updates on outages. Follow our Inner City SDC Whatsapp channel to stay informed and updated: whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va… LOAD REDUCTION is implemented between peak hours from 4am to 10am, and from 4pm to 10pm in areas with high energy consumption levels. Click citypower.co.za/media-room/med… to view the schedule and blocks. ^TM

@CityPowerJhb @CityPowerJhb Bellevue Substation Pope Street has no power for the past 4 days. No power has been restored since Monday even after your announcement of power being restored twice.

@CityPowerJhb There is no power in Pope Street for 4 days now. POPE DISTRIBUTOR ETR please.

#CityPowerUpdates #CityPowerOutages #InnerCitySDC Bellevue Substation: Power supply is fully restored to all affected customers We would like to thank all affected customers for your patience and apologise for any inconvenience caused. Customers who were affected by this outage and are still off are advised to log calls on citypower.mobi or call 011 490 7484 for assistance. ^ZD

@CityPowerJhb MAY YOU GIVE US AN UPDATE ON THE POPE DISTRIBUTOR ISSUE IT HAS BEEN 3 DAYS WITHOUT AN ETR.

#CityPowerUpdates #CityPowerOutages #InnerCitySDC Bellevue Substation(Pope distributor, Judith and Gerald distributor): Due to safety concerns, this outage has been handed over to morning shift team. We will keep affected customers updated on developments. We apologise for the inconvenience caused. ^ZD

@CityPowerJhb Bellevue substation Pope street has not had power for 3 days now no ETR provided nothing.

#CityPowerUpdates #CityPowerOutages #InnerCitySDC Kindly note the above updates on outages. Follow our Inner City SDC Whatsapp channel to stay informed and updated: whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va… LOAD REDUCTION is implemented between peak hours from 4am to 10am, and from 4pm to 10pm in areas with high energy consumption levels. Click citypower.co.za/media-room/med… to view the schedule and blocks. ^TM

What #Zimbabwe is lacking are big ticket banks to fund big projects and developments according to Bernard Pryor, MD of Karo Mining

@CityPowerJhb This load rotation schedule is not reliable going towards 8hrs no power.

#CityPowerUpdates kindly find the latest Load Rotation for Bellevue Substation below. ^ZD

CATL's SECRET to “Zero” Degradation Batteries: Unveiling the Potential of LFO Cathode Additives CATL and Yutong's collaboration has yielded LFP batteries boasting a lifespan of up to 15 years, with "zero" degradation for the first 1000 cycles. Similarly, CATL's new 6.25 MWh ESS boasts a 30 % increase in energy density with a 20 % smaller footprint and claims “zero” degradation for the first 5 years. But how do they achieve this seemingly impossible feat? This article delves into the potential secret behind this breakthrough: cathode additives. Understanding Battery Degradation: The Lithium Inventory Loss At the heart of a lithium-ion battery lies a reservoir of lithium ions that shuttle between the anode and cathode during charge and discharge cycles. With each cycle, a small number of ions become trapped or lost, akin to a bucket with a slow leak. This phenomenon, known as lithium inventory loss, gradually diminishes the battery's capacity. The Suspect: Sacrificial Lambs – Cathode Additives They possess several key characteristics. · The lithium source should yield a higher capacity per unit mass than the active material, compensating for the substitution of some active material with the cathode additive and minimizing the penalty from residual inactive mass. · They minimize inactive material content, as excess material adds weight without contributing to energy output. · Compatibility with the current cell manufacturing process is essential. · The N/P ratios are matched to prevent excess lithium plating on the graphite anode. · If a significant amount of gas is released, it should occur during the cell formation stage. · These additives require stability, compatibility with other battery components, and cost-effective production. Li5FeO4 (LFO): A Promising Candidate Li5FeO4 (LFO), emerges as a promising candidate for the cathode additive role. This lithium iron oxide which has an antifluorite structure boasts a remarkably high theoretical capacity 867 mAh/g, translating to over 700 mAh/g in practical use for storing lithium ions. However, unlike the main cathode material, LFO releases its lithium ions permanently, transforming into an inactive material, amorphous LiFeO2upon fulfilling its purpose. This trade-off is acceptable because LFO packs a significant punch, releasing four times more lithium ions than the standard LFP cathode material used in these batteries. LFO is a powder which has very similar particle size to LFP and other physical properties. It can be easily mixed with LFP cathode powder in the cathode slurry result in uniform coating. Additionally, LFO's low surface area minimizes unwanted side reactions within the cell. However, it possesses a sensitivity to moisture, necessitating a strictly dry handling environment and releases O2 gas during the first charging process. How LFO Works: During the formation cycle at charging, LFO releases lithium ions in two stages (around 3.5 V and 4.0 V vs Li/Li+). Li5FeO4 ---> Li3FeO3.5+ 2Li+ + 0.25O2 (at 3.5 V) Li3FeO3.5 ---> LiFeO2 + 2Li+ + 0.75O2 (at 4.0 V) This released lithium compensates for the initial lithium loss in the first cycle, a significant factor affecting LFP capacity. LFO also promotes the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) in the initial cycles, reducing further lithium loss and improving cycle life. Benefits of LFO: Extended Lifespan and Improved Efficiency The incorporation of LFO offers several advantages for battery life. The SEI formation process consumes some precious lithium ions during the initial cycles. For LFP, typically the formation cycle efficiency is around 85 – 90 % which resulting underutilization of the LFP cathodes (135 – 145 mAh/g) With LFO in the mix, the battery achieves a higher coulombic efficiency above 98 % during the formation cycle. This translates to a more stable SEI layer, increased lithium inventory, reduced stress on battery components, and ultimately, a longer lifespan. LFP batteries experience the most significant lithium-ion loss during the initial cycles, where the capacity decay is dominant in the early cycles before reaching a steady state. By introducing LFO, the battery compensates for this initial loss, enabling the full utilization of the cathode material's potential (160 mAh/g). While we lack direct confirmation, circumstantial evidence points towards LFO: REPT Battero's similar findings with LFO in 280 Ah ESS cells align with CATL's claims. Last year, Dynanonic, CATL's main supplier of LFP cathode powder, initiated commercial production of LFO under the brand "INFINILI," boasting a capacity of 20,000 tonnes per year. This suggests significant demand, potentially from CATL. Dynanonic stated that incorporating 1.5 % to 2 % of cathode additives in the battery system could boost energy density by up to 5 %, while an addition of 3 % to 4 % could nearly double the cycling life. Beyond LFO: A Multifaceted Approach While LFO is a strong contender, it might not be the sole element responsible for CATL's success. The company has also hinted at the utilization of a specialized self-assembled electrolyte that generates a biomimetic SEI. Additionally, refinements to other battery components, cell manufacturing and the BMS likely play a role. This synergy between various advancements is likely the key to achieving the remarkable zero-degradation claim. The Trade-Off: Energy Density vs. Lifespan The use of LFO presents a potential trade-off. The presence of inactive material raises questions about the increase in energy density. Due to the immediate impact of LFO on enhancing cell capacity, setting a nominal capacity becomes challenging for cell manufacturers. Consequently, they opt to base the nominal capacity solely on the capacity derived from active material. When considering the total mass, a portion consists of inactive material compared to the base case, potentially resulting in a slightly lower overall energy density. Therefore, the increase in energy density is somewhat debatable; however, the longevity of the cell is evident from the additional lithium inventory and the early improvement in coulombic efficiency. LFO's Potential Beyond LFP Batteries The potential applications of LFO extend beyond LFP batteries. The industry is exploring its use with other cathode materials (NMC and LCO), particularly when paired with high-capacity anode materials like silicon, which suffer from high initial lithium loss and probably for anode-free cells as well. LFO has the potential to serve as a more affordable alternative to current pre-lithiation strategies for these next-generation batteries. References 1. Innovazone Commissions 20,000 Tons of Cathode Additive Project in Phase I (dynanonic.com/ennewsinfo.asp…). 2. Liu, X. et al. Addressing the initial lithium loss of lithium ion batteries by introducing pre-lithiation reagent Li5FeO4/C in the cathode side. Electrochim. Acta 481, (2024). 3. Dose, W. M. et al. Assessment of Li-Inventory in Cycled Si-Graphite Anodes Using LiFePO 4 as a Diagnostic Cathode . J. Electrochem. Soc. 165, A2389–A2396 (2018). 4. Dose, W. M. et al. Beneficial Effect of Li 5 FeO 4 Lithium Source for Li-Ion Batteries with a Layered NMC Cathode and Si Anode . J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 160543 (2020). 5. Zhan, C. et al. Enabling the high capacity of lithium-rich anti-fluorite lithium iron oxide by simultaneous anionic and cationic redox. Nat. Energy 2, 963–971 (2017). @LimitingThe @YingShirleyMeng