NephroPOCUS

#POCUS #MedTwitter #Nephpearls Many #VExUS enthusiasts asked for a #tweetorial on image acquisition pearls. Did one b4 but time for an updated one 🧵 #1 Let's start with basics Color Doppler identifies the flow + tells the direction (blue is away & red towards the probe [BART])

#Physics notes for those taking #echoboards. Will add more points to this thread 🧵 #POCUS #Nephpearls ⭕️Sound is a mechanical wave that results from the back and forth vibration of the particles of the medium through which the sound wave is moving. These compressions and rarefactions are typically depicted as a sine wave. ⭕️ Wavelength (λ): The "distance" between two consecutive identical points on a wave (e.g., peak to peak or compression to compression), measured in millimeters. ⭕️Frequency: The number of complete wave cycles occurring per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). ⭕️ Amplitude: The maximum pressure variation (height) of the wave above or below the baseline. ⭕️Period: The "time" it takes for one complete wave cycle to occur, measured in seconds. It is the reciprocal of frequency: T = 1/f. ⭕️Spatial Pulse Length: The physical "length" of a pulse in space - the distance the pulse occupies in tissue. Equals the number of cycles in the pulse multiplied by the wavelength: SPL = number of cycles × λ (4 cycles in the example below). ⭕️Pulse Duration (PD): The total "time" the transducer is transmitting a single pulse. PD = number of cycles × period. ⭕️Pulse Repetition Period (PRP): The time from the "start" of one pulse to the "start" of the next pulse, including both the transmit time and the listening (receive) time. Determined by imaging depth. ⭕️Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): The number of pulses emitted per second, measured in Hz. It is the reciprocal of PRP: PRF = 1/PRP. Determined by imaging depth - deeper imaging requires lower PRF.

#Physics notes for those taking #echoboards. Will add more points to this thread 🧵 #POCUS #Nephpearls ⭕️Sound is a mechanical wave that results from the back and forth vibration of the particles of the medium through which the sound wave is moving. These compressions and rarefactions are typically depicted as a sine wave. ⭕️ Wavelength (λ): The "distance" between two consecutive identical points on a wave (e.g., peak to peak or compression to compression), measured in millimeters. ⭕️Frequency: The number of complete wave cycles occurring per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). ⭕️ Amplitude: The maximum pressure variation (height) of the wave above or below the baseline. ⭕️Period: The "time" it takes for one complete wave cycle to occur, measured in seconds. It is the reciprocal of frequency: T = 1/f. ⭕️Spatial Pulse Length: The physical "length" of a pulse in space - the distance the pulse occupies in tissue. Equals the number of cycles in the pulse multiplied by the wavelength: SPL = number of cycles × λ (4 cycles in the example below). ⭕️Pulse Duration (PD): The total "time" the transducer is transmitting a single pulse. PD = number of cycles × period. ⭕️Pulse Repetition Period (PRP): The time from the "start" of one pulse to the "start" of the next pulse, including both the transmit time and the listening (receive) time. Determined by imaging depth. ⭕️Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): The number of pulses emitted per second, measured in Hz. It is the reciprocal of PRP: PRF = 1/PRP. Determined by imaging depth - deeper imaging requires lower PRF.