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An unusual tall ring (11th-12th Century AD) - the turquoise, with its vibrant aquamarine color, was almost certainly mined in Iran, when the country was under the control of the Seljuk Empire. The dynasty was founded by Oghuz Turkic nomadic warriors who converted to Sunni Islam, entered the plateau from Caucasian steppe and re-established Sunni dominance across the region. Their rule shifted Iran from a fragmented landscape of minor dynasties to a centrally managed empire, while laying the cultural foundations for what became the 'Persianate world'.
Eventually including most of the countries from the Balkans and Anatolia in the west to Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent in the east, this '' world' was Persia’s area of cultural influence until the fragmentation brought by the colonial powers. Here the lingua franca was Persian, facilitating the trade along the Silk Roads, and most laws were written in Persian adhering to Persian codes. The elite spoke Persian, the language used in diplomacy and poetry, observed Persian rules of courtly etiquette, and developed a shared sense of aesthetics, commissioning works of art, literature, and architecture that mirrored the same artistic elements.
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
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A Snake Sculpture (6th-11th Century AD), from U Thong District in Thailand 🇹🇭
Thai people have many beliefs and taboos. They believe that many invisible things exist around us. Some of the most common beliefs are about spirits, dreams, big trees and snakes. It still can be found wherever you are—in Bangkok, the capital, or in a rural area of the country.
Thailand has around 200 species of snakes, of which around 60 are venomous. But dreaming about a snake or meeting a real one doesn’t always promise you something good. Let’s find out more together. Snakes are everywhere in Thailand, and sometimes it is even a part of some Thai cuisines. Many Thai people wish to dream about a snake, but not because they love to eat it.
If you saw a snake in your dream—even if it was biting, attacking, or wrapping around you—that means you will meet your soulmate within the next day or sooner. However, it is necessary for the snake in your dream to be a strange one, big and colorful. If not, and you dreamed about a small black (not colorful) snake, the meaning turns bad. Like a small black snake is crawling into your dream, bad luck is coming into your life.
Another belief is that if you see a real snake right in front of you, don’t jump away. Better touch your wallet and make a wish. This snake can be one of the forms of Naga-spirit, and it might bring you wealth and good luck in your job or business. But if you see a king cobra in the jungle or in your yard, then leave it alone. Many Thai people believe that a king cobra is a form of one of the forest’s gods, goddesses or a spirits. And if you harm it, the forest’s goddess may make you sick until finally you die from something doctors cannot diagnose.
While walking in a Thai Buddhist temple, you will definitely notice numerous images and sculptures of snakes. Yes, snakes are literally everywhere in Thailand.
“It is said that four weeks after Gautama Buddha began meditating under the Bodhi Tree, the heavens darkened for seven days, and a prodigious rain descended. However, the mighty King of Serpents, Mucalinda, came from beneath the earth and protected with his hood the one who is the source of all protection.”
That’s why Mucalinda Naga is depicted in Thai temples, where the serpent plays a role of a protector of Buddhism. But that is not all. In old Buddhist legends, a snake or “Naga” changed his appearance into a man in order to enter the monkhood. Since that time, during the ordination ceremony in Thailand, the candidate to enter monkhood must answer the question if he is a human being or not.
We mentioned the word “Naga” a few times, and now you might be wondering who Nagas are. And this question is even more complicated than you could imagine. Places where Nagas were worshiped are found all around the world: Mexico, India, Tibet, Malaysia and even Australia. People living in the northeastern part of Thailand, Isan regione, believe that they are descendants of a Naga king’s daughter who married a human man.
Some scientists believe that the Thai people’s beliefs about Nagas are left over from the Davaravati Kingdom, which vanished centuries ago. The kingdom was heavily influenced by Indian culture, as evidenced by archeological discoveries that reveal elements of Hinduism and Buddhism.
Bangkok National Museum
© Thai Trails
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Greek Gold Wreath (340-336 BC) of myrtle leaves and blossoms, known as Meda's Wreath, found in the Great Tumulus, Vergina, Greece 🇬🇷
Meda, the Thracian Princess: Did you know that the Thracian princess, Meda of Odessa (now modern Varna in Bulgaria), was married to Philip II of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great?
Meda was the daughter of the Thracian King Cothelas of the Getae tribe. She married Philip, probably around 342 BC, after he had conquered the Thracians in a series of campaigns. It was a political marriage to seal Philip's victory and the peace settlement with the Thracians. Philip took Meda home with him to join Olympias, his other wife and the mother of Alexander the Great.
We don't know what happened to her after that. Philip was a polygamist who made several political marriages during his lifetime.
According to N. G. L. Hammond, when Philip died, Meda committed suicide so that she could follow Philip to Hades. It was a custom for the Thracian wives to compete for the honor of following their husbands into the other world! The people of Macedonia, who were not used to such honors to their kings by their consorts, buried her with him at the Great Tumuli of Vergina, in a separate room. The second larnax found in the tomb might belong to her as well as the gold myrtle wreath.
NAM, Athens 🇬🇷
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