Tertiary Minerals

The Lumwana Copper Deposit (Malundwe, Chimiwungo and Kamisengo orebodies) is a large, basement-hosted copper deposit in the Mwombezhi Dome of northwestern Zambia. The deposit formed through metasomatic alteration, hydrothermal mineralisation, and intense shearing of pre-Katangan basement rocks during the Lufilian Orogeny. The main copper mineralisation at Lumwana formed within a 42-million-year interval of 538.9–497.1 Ma (Re-Os molybdenite dating).

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The Lumwana Copper Deposit (Malundwe, Chimiwungo and Kamisengo orebodies) is a large, basement-hosted copper deposit in the Mwombezhi Dome of northwestern Zambia. The deposit formed through metasomatic alteration, hydrothermal mineralisation, and intense shearing of pre-Katangan basement rocks during the Lufilian Orogeny. The main copper mineralisation at Lumwana formed within a 42-million-year interval of 538.9–497.1 Ma (Re-Os molybdenite dating).

@Tertiaryplc has also revived within a rising trend channel, pushing through the 50-day line around 0.09p. #TYM's targets above the 50-day line, look for 0.16p by end of next month. Try to stay on the right side of 0.08p support. share-talk.com/traders-cafe-w… @ZaksTradersCafe

Image Credit: researchgate.net/publication/31…

The Chibuluma Copper-Cobalt Deposit is another classic sediment-hosted stratiform copper-cobalt (Cu-Co) deposit in Zambia’s Copperbelt Province. It was formed when basin-scale oxidised brine circulation into reduced Lower Roan clastics, with major ore upgrading during Pan-African compression, with stronger basement paleotopography control. Chibuluma was formed 540–490 Ma during the Ediacaran (early Cambrian), peaking ~525–500 Ma during the later stages of the Lufilian Orogeny. #Zambia #Copper #Mining

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei…

Mufulira Copper-Cobalt Deposit is a sediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposit formed from the mixing of oxidised, highly saline, metal-bearing basinal brines rich in Cu, and a hydrocarbon reservoir causing thermochemical sulphate reduction, precipitating copper sulphides in porous sandstones. This is estimated to have occurred ~540–490 million years ago during the Lufilian Orogeny. #Zambia #Copper #Mining

@J_Wise_geology, great question, thanks for asking it. The Re-OS sulphide method did indeed face early challenges, such as apparent Re loss leading to aberrant ages, but this was resolved through Carius tube dissolution and double Os spikes. More recent work has shown Re-Os dates for sulphides to be reliable, and it now has a proven track record for producing precise ages in ore-forming systems, outperforming indirect methods like K-Ar in many scenarios. The success of the method still depends on the specific sulphide, geological history, and analytical rigour, but other techniques face similar challenges.

@Tertiaryplc Are Re-OS sulfide dates still a bit wonky? Or has the method improved?

Nchanga #Copper-Cobalt Deposit, #Zambia, is a sediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposit formed epigenetically, where hydrothermal fluids introduced metals during basin inversion associated with the Lufilian Orogeny. Re-Os dating of molybdenite associated with the hypogene Cu-Co sulphides yields an isochron age of 583 ± 24 million years ago.

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei…

The Lubambe or Konkola North #Copper Deposits, #Zambia are syngenetic stratiform sediment-hosted deposits. Hydrothermal xenotime U-Pb analysis has indicated a mineralization age of 438 ± 13 Ma (late Ordovician/early Silurian), though some studies suggest earlier diagenetic phases. Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei…

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei…

The Nkana #Copper Deposits, #Zambia, are syngenetic stratiform sediment-hosted deposits that were folded post-deposition into a complex set of en echelon parasitic drag folds with undulating plunges. Age dating suggests that mineralisation took place between 519.9 and 500.7 Ma.

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei….

The Chambishi #Copper Deposits, #Zambia, are syngenetic stratiform sediment-hosted deposits that were intensely folded post-deposition. Age dating suggests that mineralisation took place between 519.9 and 500.7 Ma. #mining #exploration

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei….

Image Credit: portergeo.com.au/database/minei…

The Lusanshya Basin #Copper Deposits, #Zambia, are syngenetic stratiform sediment-hosted deposits that were folded post-deposition. Age dating suggests that mineralisation took place between 499.8 and 489.6 Ma.

Image Credit: Chinyuku, Donald Tichaona. “The Kansanshi Cu-Au deposit, Domes region, Zambia: geology, mineralisation and alteration characteristics in the main pit.” (2014).

In this series of posts, we are going to take a look at the deposit types and formation ages within Zambia. The Kansanshi #Copper Deposits, #Zambia, is an epigenetic sediment-hosted vein deposit located within domes along the crest of a regional antiform reverse and normal faults and drag folds are critical controls on mineralisation. Age dating suggests that mineralisation took place between 512 and 502 Ma.