
Codifying existing conventions doesn’t erase the king’s active executive role in the 1770s—George III personally selected and backed Lord North, influenced cabinet choices, and pushed colonial policies that Parliament rubber-stamped under his pressure. Historians note he wielded more personal influence than Victorian or later monarchs, which is exactly why the Declaration of Independence lists grievances directly against ‘the King’ for dissolving legislatures, quartering troops, and imposing taxes. ‘Reigns but doesn’t rule’ hardened into a strict convention after his reign; in 1776 it was still a hybrid system where the monarch ruled through ministers he controlled. Parliamentary supremacy on paper didn’t mean zero royal power in practice—that’s why colonists didn’t just blame ‘Parliament’ alone.”
This counters by distinguishing formal codification from real-world exercise of power, backed by historical actions and primary sources like the Declaration.
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