StudyXing Medicine

Troisier sign - an enlarged, hard, and often painless lymph node in left supraclavicular fossa (Virchow's node); Critical indicator of metastatic abdominal or thoracic cancer, most commonly gastric; Node acts as a final site for lymphatic metastasis

Multiple myeloma of plasma cells s/s: bone pain (back, spine, ribs, long bones), spinal cord compression, hypogammaglobulinemia (w/ sepsis), kidney failure (MCC hypercalcemia), Rouleaux anemia, bleeding, hyperviscosity syndrome, lytic bone lesions (skull, pelvis, spine)

What is the "T score"? A t-score measures how patient is from expected population average, calculated in units of standard error. Used to determine if patient has osteoporosis and whether treatment is required; When to use "T score": Postmenopausal women and older men

Basilar artery 3 segments - proximal & middle segments supply pons via penetrating median, paramedian, and circumferential branches. Distal segment supplies midbrain and, via terminal branches (superior cerebellar & posterior cerebral arteries), provides blood to thalamus

@Doctors_GUILD Basilar artery

Name the marked structure?

@drkeithsiau Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome... Hemolytic anemia – RBCs destroyed Thrombocytopenia (low platelets) – bleeding Acute kidney injury – small vessel damage in kidneys

Which condition is characterised by this triad?

@doctors_squad Metabolic alkalosis Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia Hyponatremia Severe liver impairment Fluid overload situations

Ringer lactant is contraindicated in ?

@doctors_squad Ringer's lactate is contraindicated in neonates (≤28 days old) receiving concomitant ceftriaxone (risk of fatal ceftriaxone-calcium salt precipitation in the bloodstream), and in patients with known hypersensitivity to sodium lactate or any components of the solution.

@Medzonetv Miliary TB; hematogenous spread via pulmonary arterial circulation -Uniform, tiny nodules -Diffuse random distribution -No dominant mass -Classic “snowstorm” appearance

Spot Diagnosis??????

Cockayne Syndrome - autosomal recessive multi-system growth failure, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental delays, cutaneous photosensitivity, sensorial impairment, dental anomalies; Mutation ERCC8/6 genes

Fetal Development at ~21 Weeks, anatomy U/S time •10.5 in (26–27 cm) crown-to-heel •12–14 oz (340–400 g) •Roughly size of a banana •Skin is thin and translucent, covered in lanugo (fine hair). •Vernix caseosa begins coating the skin.

@hemo_shk Findings consistent with a large hiatal hernia with intrathoracic stomach, demonstrating a prominent air–fluid level in left lower thorax. No radiographic evidence of acute pulmonary pathology.

50-year-old male with central chest pain. Likely diagnosis?

@TrackYourHeart Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) the MCC of sudden cardiac death in young athletes in the USA. --> Autosomal dominant mutations (β-myosin heavy chain) --> asymmetric septal hypertrophy --> dynamic LV outflow tract obstruction --> exertional ventricular arrhythmias --> death

Which type of cardiomyopathy is most strongly linked to sudden cardiac death in young athletes? A. Dilated cardiomyopathy B. Restrictive cardiomyopathy C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy D. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Why Torsades? Prolonged repolarization → early after depolarizations (EADs) → triggered activity → polymorphic VT; Electrolytes amplify: ↓ K⁺ → delay repolarization ↓ Mg²⁺ → increase EADs Drugs blocking rapid delayed rectifier K⁺ current worsen → drug + low K + low Mg

Bullous pemphigoid - Autoimmune blistering, IgG autoantibodies attack hemidesmosomal proteins a basement membrane; Subepidermal splitting --> tense bullae (less rupture than pemphigus vulgaris); Direct immunofluorescence = linear IgG & C3 deposits, tense bullae, negative Nikolsky

@aditya_gan3500 Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy affects the optic nerve head and accounts for ~ 90% of ION cases (acute disc edema). Posterior (PION) involves retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve (cute vision loss with a NL-appearing optic disc initially --> optic atrophy)

@USMLEStepStudy How exactly is it anterior?

Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION, both anterior & posterior forms possible) Posterior higher in prone-positioned patients, while anterior also well-documented; Risk: prolonged duration prone position, excess blood loss, hypotension, anemia, and elevated venous pressure

Mucormycosis - rapidly progressive, necrotizing, lethal invasive fungal disease of lungs, sinuses, orbits, brain; Risk: immunocompromised host (heme cancers, transplant, DM, etc); soil and decaying organic matter; Spread sporangiospores (inhaled) into the respiratory tract

Blood test for colorectal cancer (CRC) - Detects circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via next-generation sequencing looking for specific DNA methylation patterns & genetic alterations characteristic of CRC; 83% sensitivity, 90% specificity (few false positives)

Cortisol hyperglycemia 1. Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis 2. Promotes insulin resistance in peripheral tissues 3. Increases protein catabolism and lipolysis