Sameer Shahzad@brexitmiyagi
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗘𝗖𝗗 𝗝𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗮 𝗡𝘂𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗰𝘂𝗹𝘂𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲.
On March 4, the OECD released its Global Debt Report 2026. Buried in Chapter 1 is the single most important number for global macro this year, and finance X has not discussed it once.
Gross borrowing by central governments in emerging market and developing economies crossed $4 trillion in 2025, up from roughly $3 trillion in 2024. That is a 33% year-over-year increase in sovereign issuance from EMDEs in a single year. The OECD area as a whole hit record highs on both bond issuance and outstanding volume, with refinancing requirements accounting for most of the gross borrowing.
Here is what that means structurally. We are watching the largest sovereign bond supply glut in modern history collide with the end of accommodative monetary policy. Under quantitative tightening, central banks have stepped back from debt markets. Retail and foreign investors have stepped in as marginal buyers. Those buyers are more price sensitive and more focused on relative yields. The OECD’s exact language was that this combination has “contributed to higher term premia and steeper yield curves.”
Translation. The bid for long-dated sovereign debt is getting thinner at exactly the moment issuance is hitting records. That is why UK 30-year gilts sit at 5.12%, US 10-year at 4.42%, Colombian TES bonds above 11%, South African RSA at 10.45%. Those are not isolated moves. They are the expression of a structural supply-demand imbalance at the long end that has no precedent in the post-GFC era.
The positioning response from sovereigns themselves is the tell. Per OECD data, many countries are rebalancing issuance toward shorter maturities to limit exposure to higher long-term borrowing costs. This increases refinancing risk downstream but is the only way to get bonds out the door today. The US Treasury has been doing this for two years. The UK, France, and Italy are following. Japan is the outlier that has not yet started. When Japan capitulates, the move gets violent.
What this means for every other asset. Equity multiples get compressed because discount rates rise structurally, not cyclically. Gold absorbs flow as investors question whether sovereign debt is actually the safe haven it was marketed as for 40 years. Bitcoin gets a monetary-debasement bid that has nothing to do with adoption narratives. The dollar weakens against hard assets but strengthens against EM currencies as refinancing risk compounds.
The specific number to watch. OECD interest expenditure as a share of GDP in 2025 is near the highest level of the last decade across the OECD area and individual countries. Interest payments are eating a growing share of every budget. That is what a sovereign debt spiral looks like before it becomes one.
The IMF cut 2026 growth to 3.1% and raised inflation to 4.4%. Layer that on top of record issuance at elevated yields. Growth down, supply up, demand thinner. This is the setup where bond market accidents happen. The 2022 UK gilt crisis hit with less stress than what the OECD is describing right now.
If sovereigns globally are all selling short-duration paper to avoid long-end yields, who buys the long end when central banks are tightening?