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Gas Optimizations
What is Gas?
In Ethereum and EVM compatible blockchains, every operation costs gas.
Think of gas as a transaction fee paid for using blockchain resources.
Example:
Solidity
balance = balance + 1;
Even this simple operation consumes gas.
When users interact with your contract, they pay gas.
What is Gas Optimization?
Gas optimization means:
Writing smart contract code that performs the same task while consuming less gas.
In simple terms:
Same result
Lower transaction cost
Better user experience
Why is Gas Optimization have Important?
1. Saves Users Money
Without optimization:
Solidity
Gas Used = 100,000
With optimization:
Solidity
Gas Used = 50,000
Users pay roughly half the fee.
2. Makes Protocol More Competitive
Users prefer cheaper protocols.
Example:
Two DEXs perform the same swap.
DEX A
150,000 gas
DEX B
80,000 gas
Most users choose DEX B.
3. Reduces Network Load
4. Efficient contracts consume fewer blockchain resources.
5. Important During Audits
Auditors often report:
Gas Optimization Findings
Especially for DeFi protocols where functions run millions of times.
1.
Cache Storage Variable
Storage access is expensive, cachee it to lower the cost of the gas.
That is
Read once
Work in memory/stack
Write once is
Much cheaper.
2.
Use calldata instead of memory, if only read the variable.
Memory copies the entire array.
Why calldata is read-only?
No copying.
Less gas.
3
Use Custom Errors, Instead of require.
E.g
error ZeroBalance();
if(balance == 0) {
revert ZeroBalance();
}
Cheaper deployment and execution.
4.
Pack Variables
Not use this:
struct user{
uint256 amount;
uint256 reward;
bool active;
}
Use this:
struct User {
uint128 amount;
uint128 reward;
bool active;
}
Solidity can pack smaller variables into fewer storage slots.
Less storage cost.
5.
Use constant and immutable.
address public immutable owner;
Set once in constructor.
constructor() {
owner = msg.sender;
}
Reading immutable variables is cheaper.
6.
Unchecked Arithmetic
unchecked {
count++;
}
Use only when overflow is impossible.
Saves gas.
Biggest Gas Consumers
These are usually the most expensive operations:
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