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There is no evidence to suggest that Muhammad Ali suffered from sunstroke during his visit.
Egypt at foundation was black and traces it origins to deeper in Africa
Biblical scholar, archaeologist, and Egyptologist extraordinaire Edward Naville navil was fascinated with the Edfu texts. The Edfu texts are a series of reliefs at the Edward Temple that tell myths crucial to the ancient Egyptians' beliefs and how they saw the world. Now, having worked through these texts in his book, he concluded that the ancient Egyptians quoted “undoubtedly came from the south.”
“It seems to me that they undoubtedly came from the south. If we consult the legend as it is preserved in a series of large paintings that adorn one of the corridors of the Edfu temple, and which date from the Ptolemaic epoch, we can see that the god Harmachis reigned in Nubia, upriver from Egypt. He left there with his son Horus, a warrior god, who conquered the whole country for him, as far as the city of Zar, now Kantarah, a fortress built on the easternmost branch of the Nile. This was the Pelusiac branch, which blocked any arrival from the direction of the Sinai peninsula and Palestine. In the principal Egyptian cities, the conquerors ruled whatever had to do with religion. In several localities, Horus settled his companions, who were called blacksmiths. Thus, the introduction of metal work is connected with the conquest in the legend....This legend, which must belong to an ancient tradition, seems to me to merit attention. It agrees completely with what Greek historians tell us, namely, that Egypt was a colony of Ethiopia. Thus the Egyptians, at least those who became the Pharaonic Egyptians, probably followed the course of the great river. This is confirmed by certain features of their religion or customs. The Egyptian gets his bearings by looking toward the south; the west is on the right, the east on the left. I cannot believe that this means he is headed toward the south. On the contrary, he turns toward his country of origin; he looks in the direction from which he came and from which he may expect help. From there the conquering forces emerged; from there too, the beneficial waters of the Nile bring fertility and riches. Besides, the South has always taken precedence over the North. The word king first meant king of Upper Egypt.” - 17. Édouard Naville
Édouard Naville "L'Origine africaine de la civilisation égyptienne", Revue archéologique, Paris, 1913. Pg 55
ia601406.us.archive.org/9/items/in.ern…
The Edfu Temple was built at a time during which the Greeks ruled Egypt. That's way after several invasions, and even then, the dominant population. The culture and historical memory of indigenous Egyptians was still black enough that when the Edfield temple was inscribed, they were talking about their origins being in the heartland of Africa.
Other academics came to the same conclusion. In this passage, Gerald Massie explains that when the Egyptian records are correctly read, they reveal that the Egyptians trace their homeland to equatorial Africa, the source of the Nile, affirming the African origin of the Nile Valley peoples. The roots of Egyptian civilization lay deep in equatorial Africa.
"The Egyptian record, when correctly read will tell us plainly that the human birthplace was a land of the papyrus reed, the crocodile, and hippopotamus; a land of the great lakes, or in Apta at the horn point of the earth - that is, in Equatoria, from whence the sacred river ran to brim the valley of the Nile with plenty. The track of civilization with cities springing in its footprints is seaward from the south, not upward from Lower Egypt, which was a swamp when Upper Egypt was already the African home of civilization. The Egyptians always gave priority to the south over the delta in the north[…]Captain Burton wrote to me in 1883, saying, “You are quite right
about the African origin of the Egyptians, and I have sent home a hundred skulls to prove it." - Gerald Massey, Ancient Egypt Light Of The World, Volume 1, pg. 255
ia801603.us.archive.org/9/items/Ancien…
It should be noted that Greek historian Diodorus Siculus came to the same conclusion about the Egyptians' origins when speaking to Ethiopian priests, and when comparing the culture of the Ethiopians to that of the Egyptians
Diodorus Siculus was a Greek historian who traveled to Egypt between 60 and 57 BC. During his visit, he spoke with Ethiopian priests about the Egyptians' origins. They told him that the Egyptians were originally colonists sent out by the Ethiopians (them).
Egyptians are from the Ethiopians. According to Diodorus Siculus in Bibliotheca Historica, circa 36 bc
“They say also that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony. [...] And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold, Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners. For instance, the belief that their kings are gods, the very special attention which they pay to their burials, and many other matters of a similar nature are Ethiopian practices, while the shapes of their statues and the forms of their letters are Ethiopian; for of the two kinds of writing which the Egyptians have, that which is known as "Popular" (demotic) is learned by everyone, while that which is called "Sacred" is understood only by the priests of the Egyptians, who learn it from their fathers as one of the things which are not divulged, but among the Ethiopians everyone uses these forms of letters.”
Diodorus Siculus in Bibliotheca Historica, circa 36 bc
penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman…
The Greco-Roman historian Diodorus Siculus (1st century BCE) provided a classical testimony to the southern-Ethiopian or Nubian-origin of hieroglyphics.
In Library of History, Book Ill, he wrote:
"We must now speak about the Ethiopian writing which is called hieroglyphic among the Egyptians, in order that we may omit nothing in our discussion of their antiquities."
— Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, Book III.
Translated by C. H. Oldfather. University of Chicago Penelope Project.
penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman…
The words of this Greek historian further confirm what later scholars found about the origins of the Egyptians being deeper in Africa, as confirmed by the Egyptian themselves, as seen in the Edfu texts.
According to the Bible, the Egyptians looked to Pathos or patrusi, the Southlands, deep into Africa, as the land of their origin
Ezekiel 29:13-14
13 Yet thus saith the Lord GOD; At the end of forty years will I gather the Egyptians from the people whither they were scattered: 14 and I will bring again the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their habitation; and they shall be there a base kingdom.
Pathros is generally understood to be Upper Egypt (southern Egypt), which was considered the original seat of Egyptian power or the "land of their birth."
Herodotus (Born 484 BC). Herodotus, often called the "Father of History," visited Egypt and wrote extensively about it in his work, The Histories. He visited Egypt around 450 BCE; his accounts of Egypt are based on his travels and interviews with the Egyptians. He describes the Egyptians three times in his work.
According to Herodotus, the Egyptians (People living along the Nile aka North Eastern Africa) were black, by reason of the heat.
"[...] the people dwelling there [the Egyptians], are black because of the heat..." - The Histories, by Herodotus: Book 2, section 22
sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/hh2020.…
The word that is translated as black is the word μέλανες, which literally means black.
See this ancient Greek Lexicon.
morphological_el.en-academic.com/266724/%CE%BC%…
This same word (μέλανες) is used to describe the Ethiopians by the historian Diodorus Siculus
“But there are also a great many other tribes of the Ethiopians, some of them dwelling in the land lying on both banks of the Nile and on the islands in the river, others inhabiting the neighbouring country of Arabia, 12 and still others residing in the interior of Libya. 2 The majority of them, and especially those who dwell along the river, are black in colour and have flat noses and woolly hair.”
Original Greek:
“…ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλα γένη τῶν Αἰθιόπων παμπληθῆ, τὰ μὲν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν τὴν παραποτάμιον τοῦ Νείλου κατοικοῦντα καὶ τὰς ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ νήσους, τὰ δὲ τὴν ὅμορον τῆς Ἀραβίας νεμόμενα, τὰ δ᾽ ἐν τοῖς μεσογείοις τῆς Λιβύης καθιδρυμένα. [2] οἱ πλεῖστοι δὲ τούτων καὶ μάλισθ᾽ οἱ παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν [p. 276] οἰκοῦντες ταῖς μὲν χρόαις εἰσὶ μέλανες, ταῖς δὲ ἰδέαις σιμοί, …”
Diodorus Siculus Library of History Book III (beginning)
penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman…
Link for Original Greek text:
perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?do…
The word μέλανες is being used here to describe people who are undeniably black. Going back to Herodotus, why would Herodotus use a term that meant black to describe the Egyptians if they weren't black?
Blackness was recognized as an Egyptian characteristic
According to Herodotus, he knew a woman was Egyptian because she was black
“And in saying that the dove was black, they indicate that the woman was Egyptian.” - Herodotus, Histories Book 2 section 57
So the dove was black because she was Egyptian. Why would Herodotus conclude that black referred to the Egyptian identity of the woman? Herodotus concluded that because he knew the Egyptians were black. Herodotus saw them and stated that they were black. Blackness was part of what made someone an Egyptian.
Herodotus, Histories Book 2 section 57
sacred-texts.com/cla/hh/hh2050.…
The ancient Greek poet Aeschylus described the Egyptians as black in his book "The Suppliant Maidens". Aeschylus wrote The Suppliant Maidens in 463 BC.
“The men on board are playing the scene their black limbs showing from their white attire” - The Suppliant Maidens, by Aeschylus: sections 710,
He is explicitly describing the Egyptian skin as black
“Μελαγχίμοις” means black
See this online ancient Greek Lexicon - Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
morphological_el.en-academic.com/242128/%CE%BC%…
The Suppliant Maidens, English translation sections 710
theoi.com/Text/Aeschylus…
See Original Greek text
perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?do…
The ancient Greek poet Aeschylus described the Egyptians again in his book "The Suppliant Maidens".
“Abominable is the lustful race of Aegyptus and insatiate of battle; and you know that all too well. In ships, stout-timbered and dark-prowed, they have sailed here, attended by a mighty black host, and in their wrath overtaken us.” The Suppliant Maidens, by Aeschylus: sections 741
“A black host.” Since Aeschylus already spoke of their black limbs, it is fair to say that he is speaking here again of their skin color and not their attire, because the Egyptians wore white attires this we know from their paintings and even from this very poem, “their black limbs showing from their white attire.”
The Suppliant Maidens, English translation, sections 714
theoi.com/Text/Aeschylus…
See Original Greek text
perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?do…
Aristotle (Born 384 BC) (or Pseudo Aristotle) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. In his work Physiognomonics, made in the 4th/3rd century BC, he describes the Egyptians as Excessively Black.
“Those who are too swarthy are cowardly; this applies to Egyptians and Ethiopians.” - The Physiognomics, by Pseudo Aristotle: page 126
This first attempt by modern scholars to obscure the truth involved translating the word μέλανες as “swarthy.” Although the word swarthy does mean black, the word that was used is more specific, so there's no room for ambiguity.
Original Greek: “Οἱ ἄγαν μέλανες δειλοί· ἀναφέρεται ἐπὶ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους, Αἰθίοπας. οἱ δὲ λευκοὶ ἄγαν δειλοί·” - The Physiognomics, by Pseudo Aristotle: page 126
How do I know this was an attempt to cover up the truth? Because this translation comes from the early 1900s, the era when Egyptology and European scholars were actively trying to detach Egypt from Africa.
The word translated as swarthy is μέλανες (mélanes), which literally means black, see this ancient Greek Lexicon. Also, if you translate this in Google Translate, it literally translates to “black people”.
morphological_el.en-academic.com/266724/%CE%BC%…
The correct translation of this should be excessively black to prove that even the scholars translating the text knew that Agan mélanes should mean “excessively black,” they translated the passage correctly in a page below when the text refers to the passage above
“Those whose eyes are excessively black are cowardly for it was shown above that an excessively black colour signifies cowardice.” - The Physiognomics, by Pseudo Aristotle: page 127
In this passage, the original Greek used Agan Mélanes, and it was rendered accurately as “excessively black.”
Yet in other parts of the same book, when Egyptians are mentioned, the term μέλανες (Mélanes) is translated as “swarthy.” This selective translation shows an attempt to manipulate the meaning of the text.
Based on all the evidence and the literal Greek definition of the word μέλανες, we can only conclude that the term μέλανες (Mélanes) means “black.”
The real translation
“Those who are excessively black are cowardly; this applies to Egyptians and Ethiopians.” - The Physiognomics, by Pseudo Aristotle: page 126
The Physiognomics, by Pseudo Aristotle: pages 126 - 127 Link for English translation and Original Greek text:
ryanfb.xyz/loebolus-data/…
1850 AD: Scholar States — Earliest Known Civilization Was Black
John Stuart Mill was a Scholar known for his influential work as a British philosopher, political economist, and advocate for civil liberties. He contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy.
The original Egyptians were Negroes, and that Greeks learned their first lessons in civilization from them.
“It is curious, withal, that the earliest known civilization was, we have the strongest reason to believe, a negro civilization. The original Egyptians are inferred, from the evidence of their sculptures, to have been a negro race: it was from negroes, therefore, that the Greeks learnt their first lessons in civilization; and to the records and traditions of these negroes did the Greek philosophers to the very end of their career resort (I do not say with much fruit) as a treasury of mysterious wisdom.”
"The Negro Question" by John Stuart Mill 1850
cruel.org/econthought/te…
Menna@ABID00OSSA1
Muhammad Ali suffered from sunstroke during his visit to the pyramids.
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