iamSoul
392 posts
iamSoul
@insiderealme
The universe spent billions of years being chaotic just to be quiet enough for you to exist. 🌌✨
Katılım Ocak 2025
57 Takip Edilen44 Takipçiler
Iran is attempting to put a dagger to the throat of the world economy.
We in Britain must remember what the Romans taught us: if you want peace, prepare for war.
My column in @thetimes 👇
thetimes.com/business/econo…
English
I found out my girlfriend cheated on me. Instead of breaking up right away, I made a fake account, sent her the proof anonymously, and told her that if she didn’t send me money, I’d tell her boyfriend everything.
I shared this whole plan with my best friend for advice, but this mf went behind my back and shared everything with my girlfriend.
When confronted, he said:
“Why does it matter? I thought she deserved to know.”
He wasn’t just betraying me. He was performing information leakage.
In information theory, information leakage happens when confidential or hidden information inside a system becomes accessible to someone who was not supposed to know it.
Many systems are designed so that certain variables remain hidden. As long as those variables stay hidden, there is uncertainty about them.
The moment someone reveals information about those hidden variables, the uncertainty decreases. That reduction in uncertainty is exactly what we call gaining information.
Information theory gives us a mathematical way to measure how much uncertainty exists in a system. The standard measure used for this purpose is called entropy.
Entropy measures how uncertain we are about the value of some variable.
Entropy formula:
H(X) = − Σ P(x) log₂ P(x)
Where
H(X) = entropy
P(x) = probability of a specific outcome
Σ = summation
The higher the entropy, the more uncertain the system is. The lower the entropy, the more information we have about the system.
Let's take an example and solve step by step:
Imagine a technology company is secretly developing a new product. Internally, the company has created four possible designs.
Only one of these designs will eventually be released, but that information is confidential and outsiders do not know which one will be chosen.
The four possible designs are:
- Design A
- Design B
- Design C
- Design D
Now consider a competitor trying to guess which design the company will release. Because the competitor has no inside information at all, they assume that each design is equally likely.
From the competitor’s perspective, the probabilities look like this:
Design A = 0.25
Design B = 0.25
Design C = 0.25
Design D = 0.25
These probabilities do not mean the company actually plans to release each design with equal chance. They simply represent the competitor’s belief under complete uncertainty.
Now we calculate the entropy of this system:
H(X) = − Σ P(x) log₂ P(x)
H(X) = − [4 × (0.25 × −2)]
H(X) = − (−2)
H(X) = 2 bits
So the entropy of this system is 2 bits.
What does that mean in plain language?
It means that before any information leaks, the competitor needs 2 bits of information to fully determine which design the company will release. In other words, there is a high level of uncertainty.
Now imagine an employee inside the company leaks some information. They do not reveal the exact design, but they reveal something partial.
They say: “The real design is either A or B.”
This statement eliminates two possibilities. Now the competitor knows that C and D cannot be the correct design.
So the competitor updates their probabilities:
Design A = 0.5
Design B = 0.5
Design C = 0
Design D = 0
Notice what happened here. The competitor still does not know the exact design, but their uncertainty has decreased.
Now we compute the entropy again:
H(X) = − Σ P(x) log₂ P(x)
H(X) = − [0.5 log₂(0.5) + 0.5 log₂(0.5)]
H(X) = − [0.5(−1) + 0.5(−1)]
H(X) = − (−1)
H(X) = 1 bit
Now compare the two results.
Before the leak, the entropy was: 2 bits
After the leak, the entropy became: 1 bit
The uncertainty dropped by 1 bit.
That drop is the information that leaked out of the system.
The employee did not reveal the full secret, but they reduced the uncertainty by half. That reduction is precisely what information theory measures.
Congratulations, you have just learned the concept of information leakage.
English
[Emergency alert]
North Korea has launched a suspected ballistic missile. More updates to follow.
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Had a conversation with Iranian President, Dr. Masoud Pezeshkian, to discuss the serious situation in the region.
Expressed deep concern over the escalation of tensions and the loss of civilian lives as well as damage to civilian infrastructure.
The safety and security of Indian nationals, along with the need for unhindered transit of goods and energy, remain India’s top priorities.
Reiterated India’s commitment to peace and stability and urged for dialogue and diplomacy.
@drpezeshkian
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The Sudanese army is advancing to recapture towns from the UAE-backed terrorist group, the RSF.
Arms supplies from the UAE to the RSF have dried up since Iran began its Operation True Promise IV.
Sudan must crush those genocidaires.
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