jinglinggggg
88 posts

jinglinggggg
@jinglingsima
PhD candidate in Economics @LEREPS_IEP | Passionate about sustainable transitions 🌱 | she/her







**New Paper in Nature Human Behaviour** If there is something that many democracies have in common is a great degree of polarization. But what issues divide a population? And how can we detect them? In 2022 we ran two digital democracy experiments in France 🇫🇷 and Brazil 🇧🇷. During their 2022 presidential elections, we launched platforms that allowed people to build a collaborative government program. People were asked to combine proposals drawn from the official candidates’ programs. In the paper we first applied traditional tools from social choice theory to identify the proposals agreed upon by the participants. We found, for instance, that participants from both Brazil and France valued proposals to improve the minimum wage and the healthcare system, no matter if they self-identified with the political left or right. But this data also allowed us to identify proposals that drove a wedge among the participants. To do this, we first split the population of participants into “halves.” We then compared the scores that a proposal would get if we considered only participants from the left, or the right, or participants for instance, that self-identified as men or women. This highlighted proposals that were seen differently by these two groups of participants. For example, older participants liked proposals to reduce real estate taxes more than younger participants. Participants from the left, were more supportive of caps in wages than participants from the right. Then, we introduced a method to estimate the divisiveness of a proposal that did not relied on self-reported characteristics. This method showed, for instance, that the most divisive proposal among the participants from France was the idea of establishing a constitutional assembly to move France to the sixth republic. In Brazil, proposals regarding native lands come out as divisive. There are a few reasons why having a method to estimate the divisiveness of a policy proposal is important. Divisiveness tells us about pushback. Two proposals ranked 20 and 21 out of 100 may look like similar in terms of support. But the nature of their support is very different. We should expect the proposal with more divisiveness to face more pushback, and to breed more social conflict. After all, this is a proposal that some people love and other hate. Traditional voting rules, such as Condorcet or Borda, don’t tell us anything about divisiveness. So we need the new measure. That gets us to the second reason why this idea is interesting. For 200+ years social choice theory has focused on measures of “agreement.” There are many fugues and variations of these metrics. But the information they provide is highly correlated. We show in the paper that traditional measures capture information related to the first eigenvector of the matrix of pairwise preferences, whereas divisiveness metrics are related to higher order vectors. Divisiveness is thus, a general and natural extension to these metrics, and also, it is what makes aggregating preferences difficult. To me, this means that it should be a fertile area of theoretical and empirical study. In the paper we also have a few other interesting findings. We look at whether participants support the preferences of the candidates that they are politically aligned with. For the most part they do, but they are not completely against the proposals of opposition candidates. In France, we find an interesting asymmetry, which is that participants from the right are more likely to support a proposal from a candidate from the left than vice-versa. Unfortunately, our convenience sample does not allow us to generalize this outside the study's participants. We also explore the axiomatic properties of “elections” involving hundreds of proposals (instead of a few candidates). We find the results to be quite robust to the removal of irrelevant alternatives, and to have a high pairwise efficiency (the aggregate ranking tends to agree with the results of pairwise contests). Overall this is a first study of what we hope will be many others. It was a long process that was made possible thanks to a great international and multidisciplinary team, including @cnavarreteliz, @umbe_grandi, @marianagmmacedo, @jinglingsima, and others. If you want to learn more about this work, please read our paper at Nature Human Behaviour. nature.com/articles/s4156… Pre-print: arxiv.org/abs/2211.04577




















