MetHarlem EM Residency

BUN:Cr Ratio Normal Ratio: Typically 10:1 to 20:1. *Increased Ratio (>20:1): Suggests prerenal causes such as dehydration, hypotension, or congestive heart failure, where urea reabsorption increases disproportionately to creatinine. *Decreased Ratio (<10:1): May suggest intrinsic renal problems (like acute tubular necrosis), severe liver disease, or starvation. instagram.com/p/DVMVxsRkRu0/…

Chest Pain Evaluation

Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) are early heartbeats originating from the ventricles instead of the atria. PVCs are categorized based on their origin, morphology, frequency, and pattern. Here's a breakdown of the types of PVCs seen on ECG: 🔹 1. Based on Morphology: 》Unifocal PVCs ▪︎All PVCs look the same (same shape and axis). ▪︎Originate from a single ectopic focus in the ventricles. 》Multifocal PVCs ▪︎PVCs have different shapes (different morphologies). ▪︎Arise from multiple ectopic foci. ▪︎Often considered more concerning than unifocal. 🔹 2. Based on Frequency: 》Occasional: Few PVCs seen (e.g., <6 per minute). 》Frequent: More than 6 PVCs per minute. 》Bigeminy: Every normal beat is followed by a PVC (normal–PVC–normal–PVC). 》Trigeminy: Every third beat is a PVC 》Quadrigeminy: Every fourth beat is a PVC. 🔹 3. Based on Timing/Pattern 》Interpolated PVC ▪︎A PVC that occurs between two normal beats without a compensatory pause. ▪︎Often seen when the PVC doesn’t disrupt the SA node. 》Couplets ▪︎Two consecutive PVCs. 》Triplets ▪︎Three consecutive PVCs (can be a short run of ventricular tachycardia). 》Run of PVCs / Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (NSVT) ▪︎Three or more PVCs in a row, lasting <30 seconds. 🔹 4. Based on QRS Morphology 》Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)–like morphology ▪︎Indicates the PVC arises from the right ventricle. 》Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)–like morphology ▪︎Indicates the PVC originates in the left ventricle. 🔹 5. R-on-T Phenomenon ▪︎PVC that falls on the T wave of the preceding beat. ▪︎Dangerous, as it can trigger ventricular fibrillation or torsades de pointes. PVC Characteristics on ECG: ▪︎Wide QRS complex (>120 ms) ▪︎No preceding P wave ▪︎ST-T discordance (T wave is in opposite direction of the QRS) ▪︎Compensatory pause typically follows (the SA node fires on time, but the PVC delays the next beat)

Essential correlation between ECG leads and coronary anatomy. facebook.com/share/p/1BS2b5… #Cardiology #ECG #EKG #STEMI #MI #HeartAttack #MedicalEducation #ClinicalPearls #MedStudent #FOAMed

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) and BIPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) are both types of non-invasive ventilation therapies used primarily to treat sleep-related breathing disorders like sleep apnea, but they can also help in other respiratory conditions.

Atrial Fibrillation Pharmacotherapy

This is the best chest x-ray anatomy guide I’ve ever seen.

Cephalosporins 💊

#ultrasound #sonologist

Transthoracic Echocardiographic (TTE) Views: A Complete Guide Understanding TTE views is essential for accurate cardiac imaging. Let’s break down the 5 core views: 1️⃣ Parasternal Long Axis 2️⃣ Parasternal Short Axis 3️⃣ Apical 4️⃣ Subxiphoid 5️⃣ Suprasternal A thread 🧵

ECG Cheat Sheet: Master 12 Common Cardiac Conditions in One Image

ECG interpretation Basic Quick References

Deadly ECG Patterns

Summary of Arrhythmias

Scalpel blades

Learn when and how to perform a lateral canthotomy to prevent blindness in orbital compartment syndrome. A must-know emergency procedure for every EM physician! #Medtwitter #FOAMed buff.ly/GGD7con

The S1Q3T3 pattern, a significant ECG finding indicative of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). @ecgsmart/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">threads.com/@ecgsmart/

A 🧵 of 🚨ALARM SYMPTOMS / RED FLAGS🚩in clinical medicine. Headache Neck pain Backache Gastric reflux Add in the red flags if you have more👇 HEADACHE🚩

Neuro exam