nenuremo

Modern India has built its own Infrastructural Hierarchy- a nationwide effort to connect every household to 5+1 essential networks: Water, Sanitation, Power, Clean Cooking, Housing, and Digital Access. What took Western nations decades to achieve by 1940, India began only after 2014, transforming these networks from symbols of privilege into instruments of inclusion. (1/9)

The Telugu Cholas(Chodas) were one of the prominent ruling dynasties between 5th and 13th centuries, initially as Samanta Rajulu( feudatories) of the Pallavas and later under the Imperial Cholas. Again this was not a single dynasty, but a series of kingdoms that ruled from Andhra Pradesh,Telangana and parts of Southern Odisha who were collectively called as Telugu Cholas. Renati Chodas- Ruled over Renadu, basically covering Orvakal, Nandyal, Uyyalawada, Jammalamadugu, Proddatur. Founded by Nandivarman who claimed descent from Karikala Chola. Their inscriptions can be found at Gandikota, Proddatur, Jammalamadugu, Muddanur. They were the first to use Telugu as official language in court, and issue inscriptions too. Pottapi Chodas- Branch of Renati Cholas, ruled from Pottapi near Tanguturu, between 11th-13th centuries. Initially feudatories to Pallavas, later Imperial Cholas, Western Chalukyas, and were conquered by the Kakatiyas. Their kingdom covered Guduru, Venkatagiri, Chandragiri, Sri Kalahasti and Rajampeta. Velanati Chodas- Also called Velanati Durjayas, ruled between 11th-13th centuries. They ruled from Velanadu, which is mostly Guntur region, and capital at Chandole initially, later ruled from Vengi near Eluru and Pithapuram. They were one of the key players in the epic Battle of Palnadu. They too were conquered by the Kakatiyas after the decline of Cholas. Konidena Chodas- Ruled over Kammanadu region as well as parts of Palnadu, with their capital at Konidena, near Narasaraopeta. Known as good administrators and warriors. Nellore Chodas- The most prominent among the Telugu Cholas, ruled from 1100-1350 AD, gained prominence after decline of Velanati Cholas. Though feudatories of the Cholas were autonomous, Manumasiddhi II, was known for his role in Palnadu battle. Were ultimately taken over by the Kakatiyas. There were smaller Telugu Chola kingdoms Nannuru Chodas who ruled over Pakanadu( Kadapa, Nellore, Southern Prakasam) Kunduru Chodas, who ruled from Telangana, mostly around Nalgonda dt. Eruva Chodas who ruled around Rajamahendravaram. One common feature is all these dynasties claimed descent from Karikala Chola. And most of the temples they built were predominantly in the Dravidian style with large gopurams. They were a bridge between Tamil-Telugu culture, blending elements of both together, and ultimately all of them were taken over by the Kakatiyas. PS- The AI graphics I am using are purely for visual representation here.

I don’t claim to know better compared to any government, but in my opinion, if I were in charge of govt, I would have addressed the pollution issue and managed PR thus: 1) Understand early in the year that the air pollution in north India is expected to worsen during winter (it’s a no-brainer). 2) Forecast that the situation may be worse compared to the previous year due to several reasons. Including increased burning in Punjab on either side of the border for specific reasons. 3) Begin proactive efforts by the end of August to reduce pollution both within Delhi and beyond. This can be achieved by seeking cooperation from farmers and launching special incentive schemes. However, it is more crucial to effectively communicate these requests, policies, initiatives, and raise public awareness about the govt proactively doing them. 4) By the end of September, proactively hold a press conference, with high-level officials present, to address the impending surge in air pollution. During the presser, inform the public about the contribution of farm burning to air pollution, where it comes from, and all the other factors that contribute to air pollution, along with their respective contributions. 5) Utilize the press conference, pr efforts, and social media to clearly communicate which factors the government can address and the steps it is taking to address those factors within its control. 6) Once the pollution hits, proactively address it and discuss the necessary steps to combat it. Avoid hiding or remaining silent about the issue. Senior Netas should actively engage in discussions online and offline and share the public’s sentiments regarding it. Don't be ostriches. 7) Immediately begin taking more action, even if it's not directly useful, to combat the pollution. This could include enforcing limitations on automobiles, factories, construction, and more visible street cleaning. Additionally, consider increasing the number of "cloud seeding" flights to demonstrate efforts. While I understand that these measures may not be effective, they demonstrate a genuine commitment and provide some reassurance to the misled and aggrieved public. 8) Stop shifting the blame and refrain from engaging in political maneuvering at high levels. However, definitely utilize social media and clever PR to counter political and geopolitical psyops that are being executed using the pollution. Additionally, avoid attempting to control protests or arrest peaceful protestors. In fact, protests are unlikely to be instigated and occur due to proactive actions, which will earn govt the trust of the public. Take it from to me. This pollution problem is NOT going away, no matter how much people protest, create anarchy, throw the government in Delhi or even the center out, saying govt is not doing anything. Unless the farm burning in Punjab, including in Pakistan, is solved, this pollution issue is not going away. Period. From now and next year, I hope the government will be more proactive in addressing pollution. I want to see them take action to reduce pollution and prevent it from being exploited by adversaries asap. For now, this is a good advise 👇

When a doctor meant to save lives decides to blow himself up not only does it unsettle me as a Kashmiri but makes me introspect & wonder where we are headed towards? While right wingers gleefully amplify his chilling video does Delhi realise even now that there’s a serious problem at hand? One that they refuse to acknowledge or admit? Kashmiris are trapped in a vicious cycle. Islamophobia & persecution of Muslims throughout India > Terror attacks by a handful > Vicious crackdowns in Kashmir > Collective punishment & repression > Ethnic profiling & harassment of Kashmiris working outside J&K > Repeat