




nondestructiv
6.3K posts

@NonDestructiv
Applying archaeological prospection and documentation methods with advanced technology to enhance heritage research and preservation.







less than 0.01% of the population understands how a transformer works







X-rays of Carreño de Miranda's 1681 portrait of the King Charles II of Spain show that the artist painted over an earlier portrait of the King in his youth.... Modern technical imaging, particularly X-radiography, has revealed that the canvas contains an earlier composition beneath the visible surface, showing the king at a younger age. Reusing canvases was not unusual in the 17th century, especially in royal workshops where materials like fine linen and lead-based pigments were costly. Rather than discard an earlier likeness, artists often painted directly over it, adjusting the figure to reflect age or updated royal imagery. The X-ray shows changes in facial structure, posture, and costume, indicating a full reworking rather than minor corrections. These scans also help conservators understand layering techniques, including the use of lead white, which appears prominently in radiographic imaging. Charles II, the last Habsburg ruler of Spain, is historically noted for severe genetic health issues linked to dynastic inbreeding, which are often visible in his portraits. X-rays are especially effective on Baroque paintings because pigments like lead white and vermilion strongly absorb radiation, allowing hidden compositions and alterations to be mapped in detail without damaging the artwork. #archaeohistories


chciałbym bardzo podziękować wszystkim za wyrazy wsparcia i miłe słowa oraz pomoc w nagłośnieniu tej sprawy. zarówno ludziom ze środowiska, jak i internautom, których także boli zalew tego gówna. dziękuję! a poniżej parę słów komentarza dla faktu. link w komentarzu



Switzerland stands out with universities among the most international worldwide. 🇨🇭 Times Higher Education has just released the World’s Most International Universities 2026 ranking, with three Swiss universities featured among the top 20 worldwide: • ETH Zurich - 8th (9th in 2025) • @EPFL_en - 9th (10th in 2025) • @unige_en - 17th The institutions that rank ahead of Swiss universities are located in Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom. Congratulations! 👏 ℹ️ bit.ly/40pRv47


Dołącz do Polskiej Narodowej Straży Kamrackiej!






East Berlin, 1980s.