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Oral sex has overtaken smoking as the primary driver of throat cancer. In a significant shift in oncology, the human papillomavirus (HPV) has replaced tobacco and alcohol as the leading cause of oropharyngeal cancer. This specific strain, most commonly HPV-16, targets the tonsils and the back of the throat, where it can persist and replicate. While the body clears most HPV infections, persistent cases can trigger cellular changes that evolve into malignancy over time. Currently, HPV is responsible for approximately 70% to 85% of all throat cancer diagnoses in several Western nations, marking a public health turning point. Research indicates that the risk of contracting this cancer is directly linked to sexual history, as the virus is primarily transmitted through oral sex. Studies show that a higher number of lifetime sexual partners correlates with a greater risk of infection, with men being significantly more susceptible to oral HPV than women. Public health experts emphasize that HPV vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure, particularly when administered to young adults, alongside increased awareness of the risks associated with oral transmission. source: The Conversation. HPV-related throat cancer: Oral sex is now a leading risk factor. The Conversation.