Daniel Lapsley

Luke Combs. Notre Dame.

27 years ago, the all-star tribute for Johnny Cash was broadcast (April 18, 1999). Among others, Bob Dylan performed with his band, playing the song “Train of Love.” Cash wrote in a letter afterwards: „Thank you Bob, for doing my song. You looked great and sounded great.“

Reminds me when someone asked me for directions to I-376. Never heard of it, I said. OH, you mean the Parkway!

Arriba! #21

LEGO What Shall We Do with the Drunken Hegseth? 🍺 🤮

I with Trollope were alive so he can write another version of "The Way We Live Now"

#1 rules out Tolstoy and Victor Hugo

I am so enjoying academic Twitter of late, especially the battle of philosopher substacks. Today continental philosophy is unserious rubbish, tomorrow analytical philosophy is unserious navel-gazing untethered from the problems of the world.

@LomaahhMore @AkbarSAhmed Oh please

@AkbarSAhmed The Democrats are going to start to lose. I lean left of center. But I will very carefully not be voting for the majority of Democrats. Democrats are demonstrating ignorance on foreign policy.

40 senators voted against US weapons for Israel tonight. ~1/2 the chamber & the overwhelming majority of Democrats + allies. No such vote had ever occurred in Congress before 2 years ago. A sea-change that will resonate in Tel Aviv & dramatically boost calls for a Dem overhaul.

@TonyAhrens11 Thank goodness Tony. But isn't it amazing that it is sometimes hard to tell the difference

@DanLapsley I do not believe it is real.

That post from Trump, if it is real, is so deeply offensive it is disqualifying, an unimaginable disgrace.

@Moonlight_myths Yeah string everyone along with cliff hangers, for nothing, did you enjoy that? Did you think the payoff was worth the build up?

My husband made a strange request, One hour of alone time every night after our son goes to sleep. He made it clear he didn't want to be disturbed. I didn't think much of it, until I saw what he was doing. We had our first baby last June, and ever since, things have been.. different. Parenthood is exhausting, and we barely have time for ourselves, let alone each other. If he needed a little personal space, I understood. But then, something started to feel off. It started last weekend. Out of nowhere, he said he needed to run an errand but refused to tell me where he was going or why. He was gone for almost an hour, and when he came back, he barely said a word. Then, a few nights ago, I heard him talking on the phone. I wasn't trying to listen, but as I passed by the room, I caught the tone of his voice: low and quiet. And then I heard it..

"...she's with Big Jim, but she's leaning to the Jack of Hearts" always brings a smile

@sabrinablittle My goodness your paper is super interesting. I will send you an email to follow up on emergent virtues

New paper forthcoming in Philosophical Psychology!

A Soviet psychologist walked into a café in 1927 and watched a waiter do something impossible. He remembered every open order at every table. Perfectly. Without notes. Without effort. Then a table paid their bill. She asked him to repeat the order. He couldn't remember a single item. She spent the next two years figuring out why. What she found is now the operating system underneath every platform fighting for your attention. Her name was Bluma Zeigarnik, and she was a graduate student at the time, sitting with her professor Kurt Lewin, watching the waiters work the room. What caught her attention was something so ordinary that it had been happening in restaurants for centuries without anyone asking why. The waiters could remember every open order with perfect accuracy. Table four wanted the schnitzel with no sauce. Table seven had changed their wine twice. Table twelve owed for three coffees and a dessert. Every detail, held without effort, without notes, without any visible system at all. But the moment a table paid their bill, the information vanished. Completely. Lewin tested it on the spot. He called a waiter back minutes after a table had settled up and asked him to recite the order. The waiter could not do it. Not partially. Not approximately. The information was simply gone. Zeigarnik went back to her lab and spent the next two years turning that observation into one of the most replicated findings in the history of psychology. Here is what she proved, and why it changes how you think about attention, memory, and almost every piece of media you have ever consumed. She gave participants a series of tasks. Some tasks they were allowed to finish. Others were interrupted before completion. Then she tested recall across both groups. The unfinished tasks were remembered at nearly twice the rate of the completed ones. Not slightly better. Nearly twice. The brain was holding the incomplete work in a state of active tension, returning to it, keeping it warm, refusing to file it away. The finished tasks were closed, archived, released. The unfinished ones were still running. She called it the resumption goal. When the brain commits to a task and cannot complete it, it opens a file that stays open until resolution arrives. That open file consumes a portion of your cognitive bandwidth whether you are thinking about it consciously or not. It surfaces in idle moments. It pulls at the edge of your attention during other work. It is the thing you find yourself thinking about in the shower when you were not trying to think about anything at all. This is not a flaw in human cognition. It is a feature. The brain evolved to finish things. An open loop is a signal that something important is unresolved. Keeping that signal active increases the probability that you will return to it and complete it. In an environment where most tasks had real survival stakes, this was an extraordinarily useful mechanism. In the modern world, it is the most exploited vulnerability in human attention. Netflix did not invent the cliffhanger. But it industrialized it in a way no medium before it ever had. When a show ends on an unresolved question, it does not just create curiosity. It opens a file in your brain that stays active until the next episode closes it. The autoplay countdown that begins at 15 seconds is not a convenience feature. It is a precise calculation about how long the average person can tolerate an open loop before the discomfort of not knowing overrides every other intention they had for the evening. One more episode is not a choice. It is your brain doing exactly what it was designed to do: return to what is unfinished. The writers who built Lost, Breaking Bad, and Succession understood this intuitively without ever reading a psychology paper. Every episode ended on an open question. Every season finale answered three things and opened five more. The entire architecture of prestige television is a Zeigarnik machine running at industrial scale. But television is not where this gets dangerous. Every notification on your phone is an open loop. Every unread email is an open loop. Every task you wrote on a list and have not yet crossed off is an open loop. Each one is consuming a small but real portion of your available attention, pulling fractionally at your focus, degrading your capacity to be fully present in whatever you are actually doing right now. TikTok's algorithm does not just serve you content you like. It serves you content that ends one loop and immediately opens another, keeping the resumption system permanently activated so the cost of stopping always feels higher than the cost of continuing. The research on this accumulation effect is striking. Psychologists studying cognitive load have found that unfinished tasks do not sit passively in memory. They actively interrupt. They surface at the wrong moments. They are the reason you are reading something and suddenly remember an email you forgot to send. The brain is not malfunctioning. It is running its resumption system exactly as designed. It is just running it across forty open loops simultaneously, in an environment that generates new ones faster than any human nervous system was built to process. The most important practical implication Zeigarnik's research produced is one that most people use backwards. David Allen built his entire Getting Things Done system on the insight that the only way to close a cognitive open loop is to either complete the task or make a trusted commitment to complete it later. Writing something down in a system you actually trust has the same effect on the brain as finishing it. The file closes. The bandwidth is released. This is why writing a task down feels like relief even before you have done anything about it. You have not solved the problem. You have simply told your brain that the loop is registered and will be returned to, which is enough for the resumption system to stand down. The inverse is equally true and far more destructive. Every task that lives only in your head, unwritten and unscheduled, is an open loop burning cognitive resources around the clock. The mental cost is not proportional to the size of the task. A tiny nagging obligation consumes the same active tension as a major project. Your brain does not discriminate by importance. It discriminates by completion. Zeigarnik published her findings in 1927. The paper sat in academic literature for decades before anyone outside psychology paid attention to it. Then television got good. Then the smartphone arrived. Then the entire attention economy was engineered, largely by people who understood intuitively what she had proven scientifically: an open loop is the most powerful hook available to anyone who wants to hold human attention. Netflix knew it. Instagram knew it. Every designer who ever made a notification badge red instead of grey knew it. The café in Vienna is long gone. The mechanism she discovered there is now the operating system underneath every platform fighting for your time. Every "to be continued." Every unread notification. Every thread that ends with "part 2 tomorrow." All of it is the same waiter, the same unpaid bill, the same brain refusing to let go of what it has not yet finished. Zeigarnik noticed it over coffee in 1927. A century later, it is the most valuable insight in the history of media. And nobody taught it to you in school.

I bring up Gardner in my class but only as a caution against faddish nonsense

Unpopular opinion: DPS was a dreadful movie, made worse by Williams treating it as a vehicle for standup, and Keating's moral cowardice at the end.

W.H. Auden had a thought: "poetry makes nothing happen"

Cc: @BishopBarron

Probably not just departments in the humanities....looking at you social sciences...