John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌
54.1K posts

John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌
@JRSchmit
Space Enthusiast, Ham Radio Operator AC7MY, #Stargazing #Space #Astronomy #Landscape #Nature #Travel #spacetweep
Seattle, Wa เข้าร่วม Haziran 2010
1.7K กำลังติดตาม5.1K ผู้ติดตาม
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

See NGC5850 / 5846 and other galaxies (shown as tiny spots) in #Virgo constellation. #Astrophotography exposure L=7x300s, RGB: 2x300s each channel with 5" telescope and KAF-8300 CCD camera. #space #starry #nightsky Info: nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_5850

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John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

'M78 Wide Field'
Image Credit & Copyright: Fabian Neyer
apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap171229.… 12-29-2017
#astronomy #space

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John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

Flashback 21.07.2020, 22:00 GMT.
The comet C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE) was near ⭐️HD86944 in UMa. #comet
This sum of several 900ms snapshots (!) was taken at high ISO with my 'Queen of the Night', the Nikon D5, back then. It was with this camera that NASA Artemis II astronaut Reid Wiseman captured his famous image of Earth, called "Hello, World", last week. #NikonD5

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John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

Deep-sky astrophotography.
Galaxies and nebulae captured in narrowband, focused on signal and real structure.
#Astrophotography

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John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

I was trying to find information about the Orion Crew Module RCS and found this. SLS is great and no, Starship hasn't made orbit yet, but still SLS is only about half the thrust of even the V1 Superheavy @LMSpace (also is the RCS monoprop or biprop?)
lockheedmartin.com/en-us/news/fea…

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John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว
John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

John Schmit 🚀🌃🌌 รีทวีตแล้ว

We used to view galaxies as steady, reliable engines of creation. Vast systems quietly converting gas into stars over billions of years, evolving but never truly “switching off.”
That picture didn’t survive contact with data. Look closely enough, and the universe splits cleanly in two: galaxies that are still forming stars, blue and active, and galaxies that have effectively stopped, red, quiet, and aging.
So what happened? Why do some galaxies keep going while others shut down?
At its core, star formation is a supply problem. Stars form from cold, dense gas. As long as a galaxy can acquire, retain, and cool that gas, it can keep forming stars. Remove the supply, or heat it so it can’t collapse, and star formation fades.
One of the dominant mechanisms behind this shutdown is AGN feedback. At the center of most massive galaxies sits a supermassive black hole. When matter falls into it, the process releases enormous amounts of energy, sometimes outshining the entire galaxy.
That energy doesn’t just disappear; it couples to the surrounding gas, heating it or expelling it altogether. It is a cosmic irony: a point of gravity so small it can’t be seen effectively dictating the fate of a system a hundred thousand light-years across. In many massive galaxies, this is enough to halt star formation almost entirely.
But black holes are only part of the story.
The environment a galaxy lives in can be just as important. In galaxy clusters, space isn’t empty, it’s filled with hot, diffuse gas. As galaxies move through it, they experience a kind of pressure that can strip away their own gas reservoirs, a process known as ram pressure stripping. Without gas, star formation shuts down quickly.
Even without direct stripping, galaxies in dense environments can be cut off from fresh gas supply, a slower process often called strangulation or starvation.
There’s also a simpler explanation that sometimes gets overlooked: galaxies can just run out of fuel. Over time, they convert gas into stars. If new gas doesn’t flow in, and if the existing gas is heated or stabilized against collapse, star formation declines naturally.
No dramatic event required.
Mass adds another layer. The most massive galaxies tend to quench earlier and more efficiently. Their deep gravitational wells support hot halos of gas that resist cooling, and their central black holes are more capable of injecting energy into their surroundings.
Smaller galaxies, by contrast, are more vulnerable to external effects like supernova feedback or environmental stripping.
And yet, the picture isn’t clean.
Some galaxies appear quenched without obvious signs of strong black hole activity. Others continue forming stars under conditions that should, in principle, suppress it.
There are even hints that quenching isn’t always permanent, some galaxies may “reignite” if they manage to accrete fresh gas later on.
The real story is not a single mechanism, but a competition. Between inflow and outflow. Cooling and heating. Growth and regulation.
Ultimately, galaxies don’t just evolve, they are regulated. And whether a galaxy keeps forming stars or falls silent depends on how that balance plays out over cosmic time.

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