Wee-Lee Ang

@nickcollins1953 The same principle held when the Chinese adopted the abacus from the Romans: written numerals and computational numerals belonged to different layers, with the latter optimized for calculation rather than display.

@nickcollins1953 You are confusing notation with computation. MXLVII and CCXCIV are merely the presentation layer of Roman arithmetic. In practice, calculations were carried out using a much more intuitive computational representation on the Roman abacus.

Every calculation you have ever done uses a system India invented. Before Indian mathematicians gave the world zero and the decimal place, Greek and Roman maths used letters for numbers. Try multiplying MXLVII by CCXCIV. Merchants, architects and astronomers across the ancient world were trapped. Baghdad's Al-Khwarizmi (c.780–847) transmitted it west. His book on the Indian place system and algorithmic calculation laid the foundation of modern mathematics. The word "algorithm" is a corruption of his name. "Algebra" comes from his treatise title. Both are Arabic transmissions of Indian originals. Abraham Seidenberg's History of Mathematics credits India's Sulba Sutras as the inspiration for all mathematics of the ancient world. Lin Yutang, Chinese philosopher: "India was China's teacher in trigonometry, quadratic equations, grammar, phonetics." Carl Sagan thought Vedic cosmology the only ancient system whose timescales correspond to modern scientific cosmology. Every time a computer runs, it counts in a system India designed.

@wiyaaaaa The passage, likely supplied to Leyden by Ibrahim Kandu, has many typos. For instance, the passage should read: Sri-Dharmma-Rajadhiraja Racha Parameshvarah শ্রীধর্ম্মরাজাধীরাছ রাছ পরমেশ্বরহ

@wiyaaaaa There is one thing that puzzles me. In Leyden's translation of the Sejarah Melayu, the ciri passage is printed in Bengali script, and I have not been able to determine why.

Contributing to the spread of Islam is not the same as being the sole source of Islam in the Malay world. Historical evidence points to multiple trade and scholarly networks across the Indian Ocean, not a single Bengali origin theory.

@SaifulbRamli care to drop me a link of the report? Would love to read.

@angweelee correct. U can read all the history about this building in my report and many conferences.

After Tunku’s Alliance won 51 of the 52 seats in the 1955 Federal Election, the inaugural sitting of the new Federal Legislative Council was convened on 31 August 1955 at the FMSVF Headquarters.

@calz84 Yet in Georgian Malaya they went to considerable lengths to define who qualified as a "Malay" for legal and administrative purposes, just to hack the rubber game.

@calz84 In fact, the 1913 definition was one of the first legally codified ethnic categories in the British imperial canon. You see, the British rarely felt the need to provide a precise legal definition of what constituted an "Englishman" in their own statutes.

Unfortunately, constitutionally they dont have same rights as bumiputra. But they are ‘protected’ under Akta Org Asli 134 1954 with under guardian of Jabatan Kemajuan Org Asli (Jakao) which under federal agency Kementerian kemajuan desa & wilayah. But ofcos this since agency is…

It is not immediately whether or not if the old robe was the one issued to his half-brother.

In a Chinese record dated 4 September 1455, Sultan Muzaffar Shah again asked the Ming emperor Zhu Qizhen 朱祁镇 to issue another set of dragon robe because the old one was destroyed by fire (奏其王原賜冠服燬于火).

In 1431, the Ming Emperor greenlighted Zheng He's last voyage to the Indian Ocean. On the return journey, the Chinese naval convoy fetched Sri Maharaja 西哩麻哈剌者 (the son of Megat Iskandar Shah, and the grandson of Parameswara) to China.

the Islands of Sumatra and Java, form another considerable part of inhabitants . . . they are employed in cutting down wood, at which they both expert and laborious . . .

The wage was subsequently revised to 42 dollars per 1 orlong of land cleared. Many years later, Light drew on this episode when describing the Malays in a letter to Governor Shore: . . . the Malays, comprehending a greaty variety of people from Kedah, through the Malay Peninsula,

In his diary entry of 5 August 1786, Francis Light noted that the local Malays (probably from Tanjung Tokong) were lobbying him for jobs. He likely asked them to prove their ability, and they successfully felled large trees using the Malay adze (biliong/beliung بليوڠ).