
Graphite is one of the weakest links in the entire EV battery supply chain.
The @IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2026 report introduces an 'N-1' supply chain security analysis. Remove the largest supplier, see what's left.
The chart below shows each step of the EV battery supply chain and how much demand the rest of the world can cover without China. Cars? Manageable. But move into anodes and graphite, and the share of global demand that can be met without China collapses.
China holds 97% of global anode material capacity and 85% of natural graphite mining. These are among the most concentrated points in any clean energy supply chain.
Full report (PDF): iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/61d6148…
Image: IEA (2026), Share of electric car demand excluding China by component that can be met without China, 2024, IEA, Paris iea.org/data-and-stati…, Licence: CC BY 4.0

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