真

印度人为了证明“不仅印度，中国你也有种姓制度”，费尽心思，竟然根据古代“士农工商”划分，杜撰中国至今也有种姓制度，而最底层是Shang，所以他认为《尚气》电影没在中国放映，是因为Qi这个高种姓名字混合了低种姓Shang的名字，所以中共禁了电影。这真是认为皇帝废太子是因为太子多吃了一个馒头啊！

看了下牢印扯士农工商和种姓制度。 其实这两个不太一样，士农工商类似于近代行会/法团主义，但多了一层隐形等级制和政治统战的意味。 士是各级官僚，处于最顶端的原因不必多说。 农，农民在封建社会被束缚在土地上，因而只要封建王朝能控制土地和人口的流动，便能控制农民获得税收。

Suggestion for Indian anti-China propagandists: If your objective is to elevate India's status, stop attacking modern China and focus on ancient China. Start emphasizing the extraordinary scale and depth of India's historical influence on Chinese civilization. Talk more about China's historical "debt" to India. This is a far more effective line of attack than contemporary geopolitics or economics. There's more than enough raw material. Many are completely unaware of the sheer scale we're dealing with here. People think that the cultural exchanges (which were largely one-sided) began and ended with Buddhism. In truth, Buddhism is merely the tip of the iceberg. It's not even close to the whole story. Indeed, if Indian influence and contribution to Chinese civilization is removed, Chinese culture and history would be virtually unrecognizable. The sheer volume of ideas, philosophies, cultural concepts, scientific knowledge, artistic traditions, religious practices, and technologies that travelled from India to China frankly boggles the imagination. The list is simply endless: Logic and epistemology, metaphysics, philology, phonetics (Chinese could literally understand their own language and pronunciation better because of Sanskrit and Prakrit), astrology, astronomy, calender science, clothing, food, medicine, surgery, biology, art, sculpture, cosmology, meditation, music, dance, performance art, biology, botany, knowledge of medicinal plants...and that's just for starters. And it's not just the scale, the depth is equally astonishing. One would be hardpressed to find a single element of Chinese culture, society, and history that was untouched by India. Whole Indian branches of the above arts and sciences were adopted wholesale and incorporated into their Chinese equivalents, across centuries and across generations. It was possibly the greatest civilizational transfer of knowledge in human history. ------- As an example, everyone knows that Chinese considered China the "middle kingdom" - the center of the world. Yet, it was India that Chinese philosophers considered the spiritual center of the world, including the physical center in Buddhist cosmology (which Chinese Buddhists adopted), and the source of sacred knowledge. India was the most noble and most honored land, and was simply considered heaven. Chinese travellers would cross mountains, both literal and figurative, to reach India and learn its teachings. Call it kanging on a civilizational scale. India was basically the Holy Land for Chinese intellectuals. A common claim amongst historians is that India was the teacher and China the student. Astonishingly, many ancient Chinese intellectuals and philosophers would themselves agree with this claim. They openly referred to India as the teacher who they wished to learn from. As a comparison, for ancient Chinese, India occupied a position even far higher than Greece did for many Roman intellectuals back in the day. To take another damning example, when Indian logic first got transmitted to China, Chinese experts simply didn't understand it. So they had to be trained on it. Indian logical systems required extensive clarifications and interpretations before they could be assimilated into Chinese intellectual traditions. Indian philosophers had to actually explain it from first principles, and then translate Sanskrit texts into Chinese themselves (after learning Chinese), since understanding that kind of logic is important to understanding Sanskrit. This is why much of the translation of Sanskrit texts into Chinese was almost completely dependent on Indian expertise. This lasted until travelers like Xuanzang came to India, learned how to do it, and established their own translation bureaus back home. And even then, homegrown expertise took a long time to be fully established in China. Indeed, entire new Chinese vocabulary had to be invented to incorporate Indian philosophy and concepts, since Classical Chinese literally didn't have the words to describe them. It was only after this entire process that Chinese Buddhists were able to understand and appreciate Indian philosophy, and then adapt it by fusing elements of their own philosophy into it. This is the origin of the entire (sub)field of Chinese Buddhism. And if you think that's too overwhelming, absolutely do NOT research the origins of Chinese martial arts - perhaps the one thing China is most known for globally after Chinese food (which also has significant Indian contributions). In fact, all of the above combined is not even 0.01% of the KNOWN scope and depth of the philosophical, cultural, and scientific transmission.