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Microsoft MACRO-80、何円したのか と気になったので、実家で確認 そういえば当時、CP/Mのフォーマットが機種で違うってことを全く知らなかった。X1で読めたのは、たまたまだった。

THE FIRST VACUUM TUBE INTEGRATED CITCUT WAS INVENTED TO BEAT UNFAIR TAXES. The 1926 German Radio Tax: How One Clever Tube Beat the Bureaucrats (And Why Governments Will Repeat the Mistake with Robots) ~ In 1926, the German government had a brilliant idea for raising revenue from the exciting new world of radio broadcasting: tax the radios themselves. Not by their price, size, or even their power consumption. No. They taxed them by the number of vacuum tubes (or, more precisely, by the number of valveholders or sockets they contained). The more tubes your receiver had, the higher the Rundfunksteuer (radio tax) you paid. It was a classic case of early 20th century bureaucracy trying to squeeze money out of technology it barely understood. Enter Loewe Audion GmbH, a German radio manufacturer. They were not about to let a silly per tube tax kill their business. In 1926, they introduced the Loewe 3NF. A single glass envelope that packed three triode vacuum tubes, plus two fixed capacitors and four fixed resistors, all sealed inside one unit. It was essentially a complete radio receiver circuit in one tube. A full featured three stage radio now only needed one socket, so it was taxed as a humble single tube set. The 3NF let Loewe undercut competitors dramatically, and roughly one million of these ingenious devices were produced. It was, quite literally, one of the worlds first integrated circuits. Decades before the silicon chip. But born not from Moores Law, but from tax evasion. When one filament eventually burned out (as tubes did back then), the whole expensive assembly had to be replaced, but Loewe even offered a repair service. Innovation driven by government overreach? Sounds familiar. Governments Never Learn Fast forward a century. Radio tubes are long gone, replaced by transistors, microchips, and now AI powered robots and autonomous systems. Yet the bureaucratic impulse remains exactly the same: when something new and productive emerges, tax it by counting its parts in the most literal, outdated way possible. Imagine the future headlines: New EU Robot Tax Bill: Levy Based on Number of Actuators, Sensors, or AI Cores or how large the parameters. Or an American proposal: Tax robots per motor or per teraflop of compute. Policymakers, desperate for revenue as automation displaces traditional jobs, will inevitably reach for the same blunt instrument Germany used in 1926. They will ignore value created, economic output, or societal benefit, and instead fixate on something countable and physical. Just like counting glowing glass envelopes in a wooden radio cabinet. The 3NF proved that clever engineers will always find a workaround. Companies will design single actuator humanoid robots that somehow perform like multi limbed ones, or cloud based AI systems that minimize on device taxable hardware. Innovation will be diverted into tax dodging contortions rather than genuine progress. Meanwhile, the tax collectors will be left scratching their heads, just as they were when the first 3NF equipped Loewe radios flooded the market. History does not repeat, but it rhymes. In 1926, the German state tried to meter the future with 19th century logic and got outmaneuvered by a single brilliant tube. A hundred years later, when robots roam factories, homes, and streets, the same shortsightedness will return. Because governments, like bad comedians, only have one joke. The Loewe 3NF was not just a radio part. It was a warning: tax the technology stupidly, and the technology will tax you right back.

AI generated backgrounds in the opening of the new Ascendance of a Bookworm season. Very unfortunate.