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The attack on the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church & the incessant massacres against its adherents have multiple dimensions.
First, it is political. The Church is the most historic & influential institution in Ethiopia. For centuries, it has given legitimacy to leaders & influenced public consciousness. Weakening it, by massacring its members, dividing it through ethnic based synods, & schism, reduces its capacity to mobilize resistance or serve as a unifying force. For Abiy’s regime diminishing the Church’s institutional strength is politically necessary.
Second, the massacres carry an ethnic dimension. The Church has long been associated with ‘Amhara identity’ & with the traditional Ethiopian state. That historical association has made it a symbolic representation of ‘Amhara heritage.’ Targeting the Church thus functions as an attack on structures perceived to embody that legacy. The motive is dismantling an institution that has been wrongly conflated with Amhara identity.
Third, the Church is civilizational. It represents the continuity of Ethiopian history & tradition. For ideological projects that frame Ethiopia as a ‘contested hundred-year construct,’ the Church’s enduring presence is an obstacle. Abiy’s regime has been deliberately working to dismantle what it sees as the traditional Ethiopian state. This effort includes eroding historical & national symbols & institutions.
The fact that non-Amhara Orthodox Christians are also victims further proves the power & influence of the church. The targeting extends beyond one ethnic group because the Church transcends ethnicity, even if it has been falsely associated with one. Its power lies in its ability to unify, build resistance, preserve history, & exert political influence. That is what makes it a target & why the attack against it persists.

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