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12 bitcoin security levels:
- level 0: on an exchange. You don’t really own anything.
- level 1: hot storage on a closed source shitcoin wallet (like @Ledger)
- level 2: hot storage on an open source bitcoin only wallet (like @bluewalletio or @SparrowWallet)
- level 3: cold storage on a usb hardware wallet with shitcoin support
- level 4: cold storage on a bitcoin only usb hardware (like @COLDCARDwallet mk4 or @BitBoxSwiss)
- level 4: cold storage on a bitcoin only airgapped hardware wallet without reproducible builds (like @KeystoneForBTC)
- level 5: cold storage on a bitcoin only airgapped hardware wallet with reproducible builds (like @FOUNDATIONdvcs Passport)
- level 6: analog-only airgapped cold storage (Passport supports this) with self generated ephemeral seed
- level 7: cold single seed + passphrase (protect against seed compromise)
- level 8: Shamirs secret sharing cold single seed (protect against seed compromise & introduce fault tolerance)
- level 9: hybrid 2/3 multi-sig with 1 hot key
- level 10: full cold 2/3 multi-sig
- level 11: hybrid 3/5 multi-sig with 1 hot key
- level 12: full cold 3/5 multi-sig
Could be split up further but might not make a lot of sense. Bonus points for connecting to your own node at any level.
I’m sure many will disagree somewhere. What would you change? What would you remove or rank differently?
Note higher security is not always the best fit for your situation.
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