EgyptianPi

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EgyptianPi

@EgyptianPi

Egyptian Pi: Official Account for the book by John C. Beach. Available on https://t.co/xG7c3QocoY

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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
Ancient Egyptian artisans portrayed the ratio we know as pi to an accuracy of 22/7, at least a thousand years before Archimedes & the Greeks (to whom the insight is commonly credited.) Explore this and related math topics in my book Egyptian Pi amazon.com/EGYPTIAN-PI-JO…
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Marcell Fóti 🪨
Marcell Fóti 🪨@FoMaHun·
Last week I was on a “secret mission” in Egypt. I’d rather not get into that just yet—but honestly, I don’t even need to, because along the way I stumbled into so many fascinating oddities that just sharing those could keep me going for a year. Take this, for example: about two years ago, @EgyptianPi drew my attention to the wall painting in the Tomb of Rekhmire, back when I was searching for that particular device that might have been used to etch granite surfaces in Aswan with molten natron. The fresco itself is enormous—altogether around 100 square meters. This Rekhmire guy must have been something like a minister of industry, because the wall painting that documents his work includes everything from agriculture to jewelry-making to construction. On the right side of each multi-square-meter scene stands our hero, Rekhmire, depicted three times larger than the workers, overseeing whatever process is going on. I’ve dealt with this painting before, because there’s a whole scene in the tomb illustration that’s officially labeled as metal casting—but it makes no sense at all. The metal is being melted on the floor, and even if it does melt (which isn’t impossible), you’d then have to scrape the molten copper up off the ground, which sounds like complete nonsense to me. Anyway, I won’t dive deeper into that now—I devote an entire chapter to this “metal casting” in my book Natron Theory, so if you’re curious, you can check it out there. What I want to show you now is another part of the painting. Yes, I made it back to this tomb again—simply because the “secret location” I was heading to is accessible via Luxor, and, well, you’ve got the Valley of the Kings there, along with this other burial area where the tombs of nobles are located. Now, among the many industries depicted, there’s something else I only noticed on this visit: statue-making. Or what. The scene I’m talking about is located below and to the right of the construction scene, and although it’s in pretty rough shape, you can still make out that these little figures are working on statues. Are they really making them? Because if you look at the tools they’re using, you’ll notice something odd: not a single figure is holding a hammer or chisel. Instead, they’ve got what looks like some kind of sponge or dishcloth. At this point, things start to get really interesting. It’s not like chisels are missing from the entire fresco—as if they hadn’t been invented yet or something. No, the chisels are missing only here… but why? Could statue-washing have been some kind of major industrial activity in Rekhmire’s time? Obviously not. Maybe it’s a religious ritual? BINGO! cries the indoctrinated archaeologist. But there’s nothing like that anywhere else on this massive wall painting. It’s all about Rekhmire’s life, duties, and work. There’s entertainment too—music, dancing, the well-earned rest after labor—but I didn’t see any abstract ritualistic stuff anywhere. Sure, you could say they’re polishing the statues. But then where’s the carving phase? It’s strange enough on its own that statues seem to be made with dishcloths. I’m not going to draw any grand conclusions here now. This piece of information is just one part of a puzzle that will come together someday. Just not yet.
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John Beach
John Beach@JohnBeachTX·
Happy Pi Day! Over three thousand years ago, an artist chiseled a useful ratio into stone so that it would not be forgotten. 11/7. It was forgotten...until I rediscovered it in 2020. While studying Egyptian art from 1295 BC, I noticed how the artist called attention to that 11/7 in a geometric design. It suggests that the ancient Egyptians knew how to calculate the volume of a sphere using 11/7. In my book, Egyptian Pi, I derived circle/sphere formulas using 11/7 ratios. But wait, you might think, what about π? These calculations don't even use π? Am I saying we need a new celebration on November 7? Another math day would be fun, but in my book, I show how the 11/7 ratio relates to 22/7 pi. What about accuracy? For volume, the approximation is off by just 0.04% from today's formula. Take the iconic Las Vegas Sphere (157.2 m diameter): that 0.04% error? The ancient calculation would have generated a volume of 2,034,844 cubic meters, which is 819 cubic meters more than our accurate modern calculation. Working backwards from that overshoot, the modern calculation would need a larger diameter of 157.2211 meters to get that volume. A difference of 2.2 cm in diameter. If you were sitting at the edge of The Sphere, the approximation would have given you another 1 cm of elbow room. Less than half an inch of difference! The ancient Egyptians knew math! #PiDay #AncientEgypt #MathHistory #LasVegasSphere @EgyptianPi #EgyptianPi
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John Beach
John Beach@JohnBeachTX·
@BrianRoemmele If you like Plimpton 322, you may also like the math in ancient Egyptian reliefs. e.g. volume x.com/EgyptianPi/sta… When I worked more on that, I discovered a fascinating pattern, which I discuss in my book Egyptian Pi, 2nd Edition
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EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi

In 2020, I inferred from ancient Egyptian art (Abydos, ca 1295 B.C.) a ratio with which to approximate the volume of a sphere. Note: the art preceded Archimedes by 1,000+ years. We know V = (4/3)π(r^3) The approximation I inferred is V = 11/21(d^3) This month I saw more 1/

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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
@NatronTheory Sorry to hear of the medical bills. I hope you are feeling better! Close your eyes and think of a moment in life when you were at your very best, and remember how it feels--a surge after great accomplishment, or a glowing belief in your abilites to overcome obstacles. Be that.
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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
8 Pi Egyptian Pi Eight years since I published my book and created the EgyptianPi account on Twitter, now X. Check out the new second edition, with eye-catching cover and more examples of math in ancient art. #MyXAnniversary
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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
The ancients divided up loaves of bread (which also could represent any other countable resource) into rations for a team of workers. Per the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, it is dated to around 1550 BC, which may complicate the post to which you refer that talks about how the Hyksos brought math to Egypt. The Great Pyramid is dated to c. 2600 BC, and the Egyptians of that time understood math well enough to accomplish such an extraordinary feat. The start of Egypt’s 15th Dynasty (Hyksos) is dated to 1650 BC. That means about 1,000 years is conveniently being overlooked for the purposes of telling a story about Hyksos and math. If I were to write a book about the ratio we call pi, I would begin with Pharaoh DN (c. 2970 BC). I would call the book Egyptian Pi. I see that the people of Earth did publish such a book in 2017 AD, though there is some disagreement about exactly which tribe wrote the book.
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AnaneOpamago Di Orca Killer Whale
AnaneOpamago Di Orca Killer Whale@OpamagoAnane·
@EgyptianPi why were they so concerned with dividing bread?
ralphellis@ralphyellis

*** Hyksos Mathematics - Algebra was Egyptian, not lslamic *** In previous TwiXes we saw that the Israelites were the Hyksos Shepherd Pharaohs of Egypt, and thus the lsraelite Exodus from Egypt to Jerusalem was actually the Hyksos Exodus from Egypt to Jerusalem. They are exactly the same, excepting their presumed dates.  The lsraelites were the Hyksos:  x.com/ralphellis8731… So who were the Hyksos people?  History records that they were highly literate Semites from the Levant, who brought new technologies like the chariot and composite bow into Egypt. That is how these people were able to take over the Nile Delta region. However, the Hyksos-lsraelites also brought (or adopted) all the mathematical wisdom of the Near East. Evidence for this can be seen in the Rhind Mathematical papyrus, now in the British Museum.  This incredible document is dated to the reign of Pharaoh Apophis in the 16th century BC, which is some 2,000 years before lslam was invented by an uneducated barbarian warlord.   This 3 m long scroll discusses complex mathematics, algebra, and geometry, set out as questions and answers for students.  The practical problems posed include dividing loaves of bread between people (in fractions), calculating the volume of a grain silo, calculating land areas, squaring the circle, and calculating the slope angle and area of various pyramids. And all in fractions, of course. The treatment of circles is interesting. Rather than using Pi, it is assumed that a square is 0.89 of a circle.  In the example given below, the diameter of the circle (cylinder) is 9, which gives a base area of 63.6.  However, 8/9 ths of 9 is 8, and a square with 8 units on a side has an area of 64, which is close enough.  This is the equivalent of using a Pi value of 3.16, instead of 3.1416.  The fractional Pi of 22/7 is closer, at 3.143. The Hyksos-lsraelite people’s curiosity in science and mathematics has continued into the modern era, with Jews being awarded about 207 Nobel Prizes in the sciences. Conversely, according to Wiki the billions of Muslims from around the world have only been awarded three Nobel Prizes in the sciences. Clearly, not all cultures value the sciences to the same degree, as can be seen in the current lsrael vs Hamas and Hezbollah conflicts. The response to this observation is invariably that lslam had its Golden Age, and thereby invented the modern world.  Untrue, this is pure taqqiyya.  What actually happened, is that Medieval lslam borrowed and stole from other peoples and cultures, and claimed these inventions as their own.  The Golden Age was based upon a large dhimmi-serf workforce of Christian and Jewish unbelievers, but when these numbers had been decimated by death and exile, the Muslim Golden Age of serf-sIave labour ended.  lslamic Inventions were Roman, Greek, and Persian.  academia.edu/8749355/Islami… So yes, the oft-made claim that lslam invented algebra is completely wrong. The Hyksos-lsraelites were teaching algebra and geometry to their students 2,000 years before a savage Arabian warlord invented the barbaric and regressive creed of lslam. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. Hyksos-lsraelite mathematics.  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mat… Images. The Hyksos Mathematical Papyrus.  There are 87 mathematical problems to be solved in this papyrus. Ralph

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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
@OpamagoAnane I’ll also refresh on Faraday’s experiments (e.g. Waterloo Bridge experiment).
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AnaneOpamago Di Orca Killer Whale
@EgyptianPi do you understand a word of what he's saying?
Max@Max_fr33dom

So I think i solved the Schist / Sabu Disk puzzle. Thanks @quantumheat for all the insight. All the ideas about the disc were wrong because they thought the center is the hole for the axle. It was literally on the wrong side and you are not supposed to enclose the center hole. It is downward blender creating a tornado in a can. Just like the patent from Frank Polifkas Windhexe. I call it the Sabu Hexe. It is the same design as Polifkas but with a way better inlet for the air. It comes from above and is guided into 3 smaller vortexes creating a tor higher that creates the vortex downward.

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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
You got me thinking about stone and chemistry right before a morning walk. I looked at what used to be a fine Texas limestone hill, before it was cut and shaped so that a house could be built on it. What had been rock solid for millions of years began to erode away with rain. Getting back to the prior post, wouldn’t it be fun to run a pipe through the center of a siltstone recreation of the Sabu Disk? Just to see if anything measurably changes in the disk when you run salt water rapidly through the pipe. Per Wikipedia (plumbing): Mesopotamians used clay pipes as early as 4000 BC, so there was knowledge about flows through pipes in the ancient world. “Copper piping appeared in Egypt by 2400 BCE, with the Pyramid of Sahure and adjoining temple complex at Abusir, found to be connected by a copper waste pipe.”
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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
At a glance, I like the idea that the center hole is not for an axle, but rather it may be for a flow of something through the middle. That said, could it also be for mounting the disk on a pole? What purpose could that oddly shaped siltstone have served if on a pole? It would be interesting to know more about the chemistry of the siltstone. I haven’t spent any time thinking about the Sabu Disk, so I don’t have an opinion worth sharing. It certainly spawns intriguing ideas.
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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
Happy Pi Approximation Day! 22 July All you need are sevens to make a pretty good pi! Image by Microsoft Copilot and me.
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Marcell Fóti 🪨
Marcell Fóti 🪨@FoMaHun·
I think the world should see this. An ancient “religious artifact” from polished (vitrified!) red granite with a clear precision carved Nespresso logo at the bottom of the sacred hieroglyph. A f Nespresso logo. How is this possible? Just click-click and hold to download it in 4 k and zoom in in. I’m not kidding! (I’m cheating instead 🤣) Now did I carved it in the rock? With mini copper chisels of course. Or if you don’t have one of those…
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EgyptianPi
EgyptianPi@EgyptianPi·
Axe of Ahmose, approximately 1500 BC.
Archaeo - Histories@archeohistories

The Ceremonial Axe of Ahmose, dating to approximately 1500 BC (specifically, early 18th Dynasty, 1550-1524 BC), is a stunning piece of ancient Egyptian artistry and a significant historical artifact. It was indeed found among the extraordinary treasures in the burial of Queen Ahhotep I, the mother of King Ahmose I, at Dra Abu el-Naga in Thebes. This exquisite axe is renowned for its craftsmanship, featuring a gilded cedar wood handle and a copper blade which is often inlaid with gold and electrum. Far from being a functional weapon, it was a funerary or ceremonial object, designed to symbolize the king's power and triumphs rather than for actual combat. The blade of the axe is intricately decorated with scenes celebrating the reign and victories of King Ahmose I, who is credited with expelling the Hyksos invaders from Egypt and ushering in the prosperous New Kingdom. One side typically depicts Ahmose in a powerful pose, striking down an enemy, symbolizing his role as Egypt's liberator. It also features his royal cartouches and protective deities such as Heh (god of infinite space) and Nekhbet (the vulture goddess). The other side may show symbolic representations of the king, like a winged sphinx, further emphasizing his might and divine authority. The Axe of Ahmose, alongside other magnificent artifacts from Queen Ahhotep's tomb, is a testament to the wealth, artistic skill, and deeply symbolic nature of ancient Egyptian royal burial practices. It stands as a powerful symbol of the beginning of the New Kingdom and the re-establishment of Egyptian sovereignty. This remarkable artifact is a highlight of ancient Egyptian collections and is currently housed in the Luxor Museum in Egypt. #archaeohistories

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