Felix Scholkmann

New paper: 𝐄𝐫𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐲𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐛𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐟𝐥𝐨𝐰: 𝐀 𝐛𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 Red blood cells are more than just oxygen carriers ... link.springer.com/chapter/10.100… PDF: tinyurl.com/ScholkmannEryt…

@bryan_johnson This reminds me of when I suffered from chemical pneumonia due to air pollution after New Year's fireworks (2016 in Stuttgart, Germany) ... tinyurl.com/4ebaderj

Air quality inside my home versus hazardous outside from fireworks.

sciencedirect.com/science/articl… PDF: sciencedirect.com/science/articl… #biophysics #mitochondria

Our new paper: 𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚-𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐓𝐏 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬, 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐨𝐧 𝐝𝐲𝐧𝐚𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐞 & 𝐦𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐚-𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐬: 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 @annsaada

🚀Cedalion v25.1.0 is out! Open-source #Python toolbox for #fNIRS & #DOT with new support for #parcel-based analysis, #multimodal #ML, #imagerecon, synthetic data #augmentation & more. Docs + Colab + GitHub: github.com/ibs-lab/cedali….🔧Huge thanks to all contributors!

‘Luminous Links: Encounters with Light in Science, Society, and the Senses’ Nice event @ Collegium Helveticum (ETH/UZH) I gave an overview of my fNIRS research, biological autoluminescence & that intense light experiences can be encountered during altered states of consciousness

Lymphatic vessels can contain a vessel inside (primo vessel)! #sec4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">sciencedirect.com/science/articl… New publication together with colleagues from Seoul National University • The primo vessel is part of the primo vascular system and differs from a blood or lymph vessel #anatomy

@BANTonline #sec4" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">sciencedirect.com/science/articl… Scholkmann, F., Shen, Y. & Ryu, P.-D. (2025). Microscopic analysis of a primo vessel within a lymphatic vessel in a Sprague-Dawley rat. Translational Research in Anatomy, 39, 100402

@FScholkmann Link does not work. Can you give full citation. Tks

The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: Insights, updates & advances onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.11… Nice review by J.V. Andersen. The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle is essential to maintain synaptic signaling & brain function

@memcculloch @annsaada 2-3 nm (thickness of the major dense line)

@FScholkmann @annsaada Interesting regarding QI as well. Do you know the separation and p.d between the layers?

Myelin: A possible proton capacitor for energy storage during sleep & energy supply during wakefulness sciencedirect.com/science/articl… New publication together with A.M. Morelli & A. Saada (@annsaada) • A new hypothesis as to why living organisms need sleep #neuroscience #biophysics

@real_JackKruse Our theory is valid for all living organisms with a brain. Brain metabolism involves mitochondrial OXPHOS. Mitochondria are found in the cells of nearly every eukaryotic organisms. Myelin and myelin-like sheaths are found in animals with brains.

Interesting, but there is a big problem with the theory. Sleep is a fundamental biological process.

@annsaada Myelin (rich in lipids) also seems to be an oxygen buffer - see our book chapter from 2023: link.springer.com/chapter/10.100… Myelin therefore appears to be a proton capacitor, oxygen buffer & site of extramitochondrial OSPHOS. This topic has been extensively studied by Prof. Morelli

@akatzzzzz @annsaada Indeed, there are many implications for medicine and therapy - for example in multiple sclerosis, see our paper from 2023: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

@FScholkmann @annsaada Are there any therapeutic implications?

@DrJackKruse And also relevant to this discussion: our paper from 2021 -> Myelin sheath and cyanobacterial thylakoids as concentric multilamellar structures with similar bioenergetic properties royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.10…

@DrJackKruse The fact that there are animals that don't have myelin (some invertebrates) and do sleep does not contradict our hypothesis. In these animals, a similar biophysical process could be at work forf example in the myelin-like glial cell wrapping around the axons.

Interesting, but there is a big problem with the theory. Sleep is a fundamental biological process. While the exact evolutionary origins of sleep are still being researched, it's now believed to have emerged long before the development of brains and complex nervous systems, possibly even before the rise of multicellular life. That means before the Cambrian explosion. Myelin, the insulating sheath around nerve axons, appears to have evolved in vertebrates, specifically in the placoderms, the earliest hinge-jawed fish, around 425 million years ago. This evolution coincided with the emergence of hinged jaws in vertebrates.. The timeline does not fit at all. @trikomes

@annsaada And in our opinion, the standard model of cellular energy metabolism also needs to be reconsidered. The new approach is: glucose metabolism is coupled to the pentose phosphate pathway & extra-mitochondrial OXPHOS (especially at the endoplasmic reticulum) sciencedirect.com/science/articl…