FabEmeka

F.R.N. v. Okeke (2025) 16 NWLR (Pt. 2011) 293 This case examines the need to link death of deceased to act of accused person. Facts Sometime in October 2011, the respondent had an altercation with his sister. Their father, the deceased, intervened to prevent escalation. In the course of the incident, the respondent struck the deceased on the head with a bottle, causing injury. The deceased subsequently went to the police station to report the incident and was taken to a teaching hospital in Abuja, where he was treated and discharged after overnight care. Over two weeks later, the deceased suffered a stroke and was taken to St. Mary’s Catholic Hospital, Abuja, where he later died on 6 November 2011. The respondent was thereafter charged with culpable homicide punishable with death under section 221 of the Penal Code. At trial, the prosecution called six witnesses, including a medical doctor who tendered the medical certificate of death. The certificate stated that the immediate cause of death was a stroke, while the antecedent cause was hypertension. The doctor further opined that emotional stress from the earlier assault could have been a direct or remote contributing factor. The respondent, in his extra-judicial statements, admitted that he intended to hit his sister but mistakenly struck his father. The trial court convicted the respondent and sentenced him to death, holding that his act accelerated the death of the deceased. On appeal, the Court of Appeal set aside the conviction, holding that the prosecution failed to establish that the death of the deceased was caused by the respondent. It found that the chain of causation had been broken. The prosecution appealed to the Supreme Court. Decision / Ratio The Supreme Court unanimously dismissed the appeal and affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal. The Court reiterated that causation in criminal law refers to the proximate, direct, and effective cause of death. It emphasized that liability can only arise where the act of the accused is clearly linked to the death of the deceased. The Court further explained that even where an act precedes death, there must be clear evidence that the act caused the death. Where multiple possible causes of death exist, the prosecution must eliminate reasonable doubt by establishing that the accused’s act was the operative cause. An intervening or supervening cause may break the chain of causation where it becomes the effective cause of death. In this case, the medical evidence showed that: - The immediate cause of death was a cerebrovascular accident (stroke); - The antecedent cause was hypertension; - The physical assault was merely a possible contributory factor, not the cause of death. The Court held that the evidence failed to establish any direct nexus between the injury inflicted by the respondent and the eventual death of the deceased. Consequently, the chain of causation was broken. The Court held that: "The sum total of the evidence failed to link the injury inflicted on the deceased to his death. The cause of death was stroke arising from hypertension, and the chain of causation was broken." Conclusion F.R.N. v. Okeke (2025) 16 NWLR (Pt. 2011) 293 reinforces a critical principle of criminal law; that an accused person cannot be held liable for homicide unless the prosecution proves, beyond reasonable doubt, that his act was the direct and effective cause of death.

@6oss_x Does this apply to Os?

Sadly, many men are too quick to penetrate and start pounding so she can start yelling. Sex is an act, many men don't know how to act it. Fuck her mind first before penetrating. Foreplay is the most important part of having sex with a woman. Her hair: Run your hands through her hair, gently massage her scalp, and don't forget to kiss her forehead. Her inner thighs: Gently caress the inside of her thighs without touching her vagina. It increases sensations and blood flow to the vagina. Her lower back: Slowly move the tip of your fingers up and down her back, but pay more attention to her lower back before her butt. Her neck: Kiss it, lick it, bite it gently. It will make her wet instantly. But if her neck is salty, she's a dirty girl. Don't fuck her. Her lower stomach: Use your fingertips to gently caress her lower stomach and hips. Draw lines and circles with your fingers on her lower abdomen all the way down to her pubic area. Her butt cheeks: The butt is very sensitive. Give it some attention. Play with her but, gently spank it first, then a littler harder. Massage it and squeeze it. After all these, she'll be ready for you, and you don't have to try harder to make her cum. But if the land is dry, there is not much a pumping machine could do. Kiss her like you love her, and fuck her like you hate her. Fuck her like a whore, and she'll come back for more.

You either love or understand women, you can't do both.

@Faruqmarley @ThaBoyYom @jaytigi @xdownloaderbot

@ThaBoyYom @jaytigi Real coz tell me WTF this video is

This boy dey use joke spit real sh!t

@CFC_OBED Please, make the stone cold

Manchester United, you’ll ask for bread , God will give you stone for this Garnacho you sold to us .

Not giving women freedom to speak in public places will always validate the claim that our forefathers were wiser than us

@__DeeeCR7 Omo, e be like na you go lay am oo

I’ve typed and cleared this message about four times already, so please don’t attack me. I honestly think Teni needs therapy, and I will explain. There is something about creatives. I am speaking as someone who was once deeply into music from the early 90s. We know we have the talent, the skills, and the potential, but as time goes on, we start to feel like we might not reach our full potential. Teni is one of the most talented artists and writers the Nigerian music industry has produced, but something feels off and needs to be fixed. She seems lost, and all these random actions are not something you just pick up along the way. There is an underlying issue that she and the people around her are not addressing. Or maybe she just needs to get laid or something?

@aj73630x @Mide__M

@Mide__M But I’m curious if you suck the fluid,does it have side effects because I enjoy sucking it off 🫣😂

But wetin dey actually cause this thing? Is it infection or they are lactating ?

I pity the legal profession in Nigeria. It is now dead. For Amupitan to read Law, become a Senior Advocate of Nigeria and a Professor of Law, then accept an INEC job to work for unpatriotic people is sickening. That position he took against the ADC and the pathetic interview..1/

@Eneegmanuelllll Haa, small play like this see where you carry am go

Justice Omotosho'Court. Court 7, Federal High Court, Abuja

@_MarkMoris @Symply_Tacha @tobyasky You wan explain international politics to a tadpole?

@Symply_Tacha @tobyasky He said you are the last on the list to attend to. When someone said he is busy, it means they have more important things to deal with. So the football tweeting is better than you.

When I tell y’all that most bullies on this app are cowards, people would think I’m joking! The sex trafficker and rapist @tobyasky wants to run away?? You cannot run from something you started. Don’t be a pussy nigga 🤣🤣 This fool said he has been busy! The fool has been tweeting about football all day! You know, I really thought you were putting together your mother’s achievements instead, you came back with grammatical errors?? The best of the best, the richest in the world, make grammatical errors. So what’s the deal, pussy nigga?! Did you get the message? Yes, you did idiot!! I asked a very simple question, you rapist! 24 hours later, no reply! What are your accolades in your boring-ass field?? Best in trafficking kids for prostitution 2016/2017 collect ur award YIMMI

@Queeneth01olx @kenkenlewu

@kenkenlewu What if she was saving because she didn't trust the marriage to last? Sometimes savings na fear money, not greed.

This woman is doing a contribution of ₦100k every month. Her husband started complaining that the things she buys in the market don’t last, even though he gives her ₦200k monthly for a family of four. When she told me, I advised she should be doing ₦20k instead, but she said no. The husband got tired and stopped giving her money. Now, he goes to the market himself every month and stocks whatever they need. He even did WiFi subscription for the house. At this point, he only gives her ₦5k monthly for upkeep. Now she has been owing five months’ contribution.

@Deshysmalls Lol, currently Judiciary de strike sef for Abia State

Abia has 24hrs light thanks to Alex Otti, but you're still here in Lagos complaining about electricity instead of going to enjoy the Eldorado Abians are living in.

That first girl needs a proper check-up... no, for real, she needs it! 😭😭

Why would a woman pay for clothes for a date you invited her to? That doesn’t even make sense

As God will have it , my girlfriend started misbehaving.

@ThaBoyYom This picture gets as e be oo

As a Man… It’s better for your father-in-law to be de@d before you marry.

@ick_real "Opu Owu" wizard chan

If someone offered you a million dollars to listen to just one artist for 48 hours straight, who would you choose ??

"Alhaji Dicky" Content like this is what encourages men sexual harassment in our society. And sexual harassment is one of the reasons men get assaulted and murdered. You can’t be trivializing things like this in the name of cruise. Especially when you’ve spent your whole life speaking against men get a grip, Sir Epon👍