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The aethist below asked:
1. Human will is free from what exactly?
2. Is human will free from Allah's Will?
3. If no, then in what meaningful sense is it “free”?
Funnily, these questions are just a remix of a very old record. If you look at the Islamic history, we already had these debates over a thousand years ago.
Jahm bin Safwan and the Jabariyyah tried to say that we are just feathers in the wind with no choice at all. Then we had the Qadariyyah, Ma’bad al-Juhani, who went the other way and said we are totally independent gods of our own actions. Both of them were stuck in the same shallow water this skeptic is drowning in now.
In later centuries, we had your forefathers —Ignaz Goldziher and W. Montgomery Watt who reasoned like you. They loved the Jabariyyah view because it helped them paint Islam as a "fatalistic" religion.
They wanted to show that Muslims are backward because we believe everything is pre-decided, so why bother working? It was a political play to make the Muslim world look lazy or stuck in the past. They were just parroting the same old errors that our own scholars had already dismantled.
To trash the first question: Human will is free from ikrah, which is external compulsion. You aren't a rock falling because of gravity or a leaf being pushed by the wind. You have the hardware of CHOICE, and you are the author of that choice.
When you decide to commit a sin or do a good deed, no physical force is dragging your hands. You are the one who initiates the INTENT. This is the freedom that matters for accountability. You are free from being a mindless biological machine.
For the second question: NO, it isn't free from Allah's Will in the sense of being independent. That is where the orientalists and the aethist logic falls apart. If your will was outside His Will, then there would be two creators in the universe. That is a logical disaster.
Imam Al-Ash'ari and later Ibn Taymiyyah cleared this up by distinguishing between Irada Kawniyyah (His universal will that allows everything to exist) and Irada Shar'iyyah (His legislative will, which is what He loves and commands).
Your choice happens within the space He created, using the power He provides. It is a subset, not a separate entity. Note that.
Now that we say NO, he asked: In what sense is it free?
It is about Kasb or acquisition. Think of it like this. Allah creates the action, but you BUY it with your intention. You don't create the muscles or the brain cells, but you own the WANTING. You are judged on the CLICK of your heart.
In fact, modern scholars and even some philosophers now realize that the old Orientalist view was a joke.
Sherman Jackson in his book: Islam and the Problem of Black Suffering, found that the Islamic model of "AGENCY WITH SOVEREIGNTY" is much more sophisticated than the binary traps these aethists and orientalists set.
They think they are being deep, but they are just ignoring the bridge between the Creator's power and the creature's responsibility.
I hope you learned something.
Allah knows best.
Mo'ab ﮩ٨ـﮩﮩ٨ـ@MoabTheGreat
@YusufAsunmogejo If allah will is ultimate then human don't have freewill And if you want to argue that human has freewill, I just want you to answer 3 question: 1. Human will is free from what exactly? 2. Is human will free from Allah's Will? 3. If no, then in what meaningful sense is it “free”?
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