Henry Cust

#Econtwitter, I'm on the #econjobmarket! PhD @ @LSHTM @LSHTM_GHECO. I'm a microeconomist interested in health, development and evaluation in all types of research roles. JMP - 1st prize of iHEA 2021 student paper prize 🧵 Find out more & download paper: sites.google.com/view/henry-cust

In the POWER RCT, @aure_lepine and team assess the impact of health insurance as a way of protecting women who engage in commercial or transactional sex from economic shocks to prevent HIV infection. @henrycust @SandSzawlowski @UCLGlobalHealth @POWER_UCL bit.ly/POWERstudy

News flash: last month I started at Duke University at @DukeSanford, moving to North Carolina after finishing my PhD earlier this year and 5 days after getting married! Excited to be here and working on topics in global health economics. Any tips for Durham and NC welcomed?

@Mister_Forest I think these are fair, ratings are generated from the stats and Murillo made a few mistakes that almost cost us. Also our attackers defended a lot so get marked down stats wise for that

Look at the state of these player ratings 🤣🤣🤣 tell me you didn’t watch the match without telling me you didn’t watch the match 🤣 #nffc

#ICYMI: What do we know about commercial sex trafficking of children? @realmramponsah @DrAlhassanAbdul Eltigani & @CluverLucie dig into this question in Africa --> few studies (7) but key factors incl. role of education, caregiver support, ACEs journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15…

Must be a banging player then!!

So right, this articulates many of my observations and worries with economics. I often feel the impactful work I aspire to is overlooked in much mainstream economics discussion (less so day to day in person but particularly noticeable on here, unsurprisingly)

@TimothyKohler Congrats!!

It’s official! So grateful for the opportunity, and to my wife, closest friends and family, and colleagues for their unwavering support. #PhDone #PhinisheD #UCTGrad2024

A thread about what is wrong with the influence of Elon Musk and other tech billionaires. Another thread about content moderation will follow later this week. Obviously, the problem isn’t that Musk is expressing his opinions, which is his freedom of speech. It isn’t that Musk has turned into a big supporter of Trump. It isn’t even that Musk is posting AI-generated fake images of Kamala Harris: cnn.com/2024/09/03/med… My concerns are more sociological and political economic. My starting point is that in any society some individuals have more, much more power than others. Once upon a time, this may have been linked to physical strength or military prowess. Today, it is often related to what Simon Johnson and I called “persuasion power” in Power and Progress. amazon.com/Power-Progress… Persuasion power is rooted in status or prestige: those with greater status can more easily persuade others. Where status comes from and how unequally it is distributed vary greatly across societies. In the United States, status became linked to money and wealth, and income and wealth inequality skyrocketed. This meant a very steep status hierarchy. That is problematic for several reasons. First, status – and relatedly persuasion power – are largely zero-sum affairs. More status for somebody means less status for another. A steeper status hierarchy makes some people happy, and others unhappy and dissatisfied. Investment in zero-sum activities is often inefficient and excessive, as compared to investment in non-zero-sum activities. Compare, for example, the social value of spending money on pure gold multi-million-dollar Rolex watches versus spending time to learn some new skills. Both may have intrinsic values for the investors (due to the beauty of the watch and the pride of acquiring new knowledge). But, on the whole, the first type of investment signals that you are richer and more able to undertake conspicuous consumption, and it can easily get out of hand – with people spending huge sums in order to edge ahead of others they see themselves in competition with. The second type of investment, on the other hand, increases your human capital also contributes to society. The first is largely zero-sum the second is largely non-zero-sum. Second, there are evolutionary and social foundations for linking persuasion power to status and prestige – it is individually rational to learn from people who have expertise and it is reasonable to link this expertise to success. This type of learning is also good for communities, because it enables them to coordinate on certain best practices. amazon.com/Secret-Our-Suc… But when status gets linked to wealth and wealth inequality becomes very large, this social justification is lost. Consider the following thought experiment. Who has greater expertise on carpentry? A good, master carpenter or a hedge fund billionaire? If we think about it this way, we would probably conclude the former. But when wealth becomes status, we may start attaching more and more importance to views of hedge fund billionaires on carpentry. This example was purposefully simple and sharp. Let’s take another one to see why the “wealth is status” social equilibrium is problematic. Whose views on freedom of speech you want to attach more importance to? A tech billionaire or a philosopher who has grappled with ethical questions related to the freedom of speech? Third, even more problematic is the fact that in most societies, wealth inequality has an arbitrary dimension. Take Wilt Chamberlain and Lebron James. We may argue endlessly about which one is better, but clearly, they were both exceptionally talented basketball players. Chamberlain is estimated to have had a wealth of $10 million at the time of his death. Lebron James’s wealth today is estimated at $1.2 billion. These different outcomes are largely arbitrary. Chamberlain happened to live at a time when there were sports stars did not get compensated as much. This is partly about technology (everybody can watch Lebron James today), partly about norms (we’ve have made it much more acceptable for people to be paid hundreds of millions of dollars), and partly about taxes (if the US today had the kinds of tax rates that it had in the 1950s, it would not generate such large wealth inequality). Similarly, if the tech sector did not become so central to the economy and did not have a winner-take-all aspect (which was also partly a choice of how we organize several markets and sectors), tech billionaires would not have become so rich. Bill Gates or Elon Musk are not any wiser because they are taxed less. But they have much more wealth because they are taxed so little. But then in a “wealth is status” social equilibrium, their status and social influence multiplies because they are taxed so little. Fourth, there is something even more pernicious which Simon Johnson and I explored in Power and Progress using the example of Ferdinand de Lesseps. In fact, we thought this was so important that we devoted the first full chapter, Chapter 2, of the book to it. Lesseps gained tremendous status in late 19th century France, coming to be identified as the “Le Grand Français” (the great Frenchman), because of his success (and luck) in successfully completing the Suez Canal. He showed great skills in convincing politicians both in Egypt and France and some foresight in seeing that maritime international trade would become very important. He was also tremendously lucky in that his hopes that technological solutions to the way that he wanted to build the canal (without locks, which was initially impossible because of the amount of digging excavation that would be necessary) were developed just-in-time to save the project. But then what did Lesseps do with this prestige? He became reckless, unhinged and cocky, pushing the Panama Canal project in an unworkable direction, which ultimately led to the deaths of more than 20,000 people and to financial ruin for many more (including his own family). Persuasion power also makes you unrestrained, which can be socially dangerous and disruptive. Simon and I thought that Lesseps’s story was relevant precisely because the same dynamics were being played out with many tech leaders today. Fifth, some very rich people choose not to use the status conferred on them by their wealth to centrally influence critical debates (think of Warren Buffett). Some like Bill Gates or Elon Musk do. It follows as a corollary of what I have argued so far that this is not desirable, because their status is excessive, and they are now influencing key social choices beyond their expertise. It is not tech billionaires’ fault that US policy is fueling massive inequality (though they benefit from it handsomely and many of them then use their status in order to keep taxes low and regulations light). But it is their responsibility if they start misusing the huge status that this wealth inequality affords them. It is their responsibility if they turn into bullies and start punching down on people who disagree with them, because they themselves start believing that everybody should respect their opinion on every topic. It is absolutely their responsibility if they use their platform for further polarizing society. Finally, if we are in such a situation the last thing we want is to give even bigger forums – for example, in the form of their own social network – to these people who already have excess status and influence, and this is doubly true if they have a tendency to punch down.

One for allt racists 👀 Satire in case it int obvious 🤦‍♂️

Two spare tickets for #richardherring 'Can I have my ball back' Sunday (tomorrow) night in Manchester. Open to offers #rhlstp #canihavemyballback

@TimHarford But what happened to the three on the magical island?

In the middle of the Pacific Ocean, in 1819, Owen Chase is standing on a sinking ship. It’s been headbutted by an 85 foot whale. It’s taking in water. And now the creature is coming back for another go... #CautionaryTalesPod The Revenge of the Whales timharford.com/2024/06/cautio…

lads I don’t say this lightly but this might be Garron’s best yet…

@RoryStewartUK @thehistoryguy @RestIsPolitics I'd argue a greater correlation with the swamp peoples

A splendid intriguing attempt by @thehistoryguy to suggest that the deep historical roots of a Viking occupation explain the core right-wing vote in Britain. Alternative explanations welcome! @RestIsPolitics

@amateuradam It's the boucing return to bottom of the cabin that causes many injuries, seats arm rests, other people, you can't pad all those

Serious question. If this is a risk when flying, why don't we pad the ceilings in planes to limit injuries?

@implausibleblog We've called an election by mistake!

‘I’ve called a general election by mistake’

@nottmtails Surely this is all simply negotiation tactics? It would be wildly unpopular, a blow for the city centre economy, but to get the best terms it has to appear the Greeks are about to move everything to tonton.

Evangelos Marinakis confirms he favours a move away from the City Ground #NFFC nytimes.com/athletic/54910… Evangelos Marinakis wants Nottingham Forest to move from City Ground

In this blog, we look at the rising cocoa prices and their diverse implications for smallholders in Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria. We also explore gov't response and offer some thoughts on the way out.... @IFPRI @JoeGlauber1 ifpri.org/blog/soaring-c…