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Outright legalization of marijuana has consistently been more popular with Americans than rescheduling alone.
Legalization Support
Public opinion polls show strong and growing support for marijuana legalization. A January-February 2025 Pew Research Center survey found that 88% of U.S. adults support legalization for either medical or recreational use, with 54% favoring both medical and recreational legalization and 33% supporting medical use only. Only 12% opposed legalization entirely. Gallup polls also indicate that 70% of Americans supported legalization in 2023, up from 50% in 2013 and just 12% in 1969. This reflects a broad consensus across political, age, and ideological groups, with even 55% of Republicans and 52% of conservatives favoring legalization in 2023.
Rescheduling Support
While rescheduling marijuana (e.g., moving it from Schedule I to Schedule III under the Controlled Substances Act) has gained traction, it is less frequently polled and typically framed as a step toward addressing federal-state law conflicts rather than a standalone policy.
A July 2023 post on X noted that 91% of public comments to the Department of Justice supported rescheduling or full legalization, but this reflects a narrower, more engaged audience rather than broad public sentiment. Posts on X from 2024 and 2025 suggest rescheduling has support (e.g., 60-80% in some polls), but it’s often discussed in the context of legalization or as a partial reform.
Unlike legalization, rescheduling does not inherently permit recreational or broad medical use, which may limit its appeal compared to full legalization.
Key Comparison
Legalization encompasses broader access (recreational and medical) and aligns with public demand for comprehensive reform, as evidenced by the 24 states, three territories, and D.C. that have legalized recreational marijuana and 40 states allowing medical use by 2025.
Rescheduling, while supported, is a technical adjustment that doesn’t fully address public demand for legal access, as it maintains federal restrictions. The Vera Institute noted in 2024 that rescheduling “isn’t going far enough” compared to descheduling or full legalization, which better aligns with the 70% public support for legalization.
Support for legalization has grown dramatically over decades, doubling from 35% in 2000 to 70% in 2023, driven by state-level reforms and changing social norms. Rescheduling discussions, particularly since the 2023 HHS recommendation to move cannabis to Schedule III, are more recent and less prominent in public discourse, often overshadowed by legalization debates.
This is causing a notable rift between legalization rescheduling supporters.
Legalization has always been more popular than rescheduling among Americans, as it directly addresses broader access and aligns with decades of increasing public support, reaching near-universal approval (88%) for some form of legalization.
Rescheduling, while supported, mainly by parties that directly benefit such as large marijuana producers and investors, is seen as a limited reform and lacks the same level of public enthusiasm or comprehensive polling data.

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