RandomWalk

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RandomWalk

@RandomWalk001

Seattle, WA Katılım Haziran 2017
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Andrej Karpathy
Andrej Karpathy@karpathy·
LLM Knowledge Bases Something I'm finding very useful recently: using LLMs to build personal knowledge bases for various topics of research interest. In this way, a large fraction of my recent token throughput is going less into manipulating code, and more into manipulating knowledge (stored as markdown and images). The latest LLMs are quite good at it. So: Data ingest: I index source documents (articles, papers, repos, datasets, images, etc.) into a raw/ directory, then I use an LLM to incrementally "compile" a wiki, which is just a collection of .md files in a directory structure. The wiki includes summaries of all the data in raw/, backlinks, and then it categorizes data into concepts, writes articles for them, and links them all. To convert web articles into .md files I like to use the Obsidian Web Clipper extension, and then I also use a hotkey to download all the related images to local so that my LLM can easily reference them. IDE: I use Obsidian as the IDE "frontend" where I can view the raw data, the the compiled wiki, and the derived visualizations. Important to note that the LLM writes and maintains all of the data of the wiki, I rarely touch it directly. I've played with a few Obsidian plugins to render and view data in other ways (e.g. Marp for slides). Q&A: Where things get interesting is that once your wiki is big enough (e.g. mine on some recent research is ~100 articles and ~400K words), you can ask your LLM agent all kinds of complex questions against the wiki, and it will go off, research the answers, etc. I thought I had to reach for fancy RAG, but the LLM has been pretty good about auto-maintaining index files and brief summaries of all the documents and it reads all the important related data fairly easily at this ~small scale. Output: Instead of getting answers in text/terminal, I like to have it render markdown files for me, or slide shows (Marp format), or matplotlib images, all of which I then view again in Obsidian. You can imagine many other visual output formats depending on the query. Often, I end up "filing" the outputs back into the wiki to enhance it for further queries. So my own explorations and queries always "add up" in the knowledge base. Linting: I've run some LLM "health checks" over the wiki to e.g. find inconsistent data, impute missing data (with web searchers), find interesting connections for new article candidates, etc., to incrementally clean up the wiki and enhance its overall data integrity. The LLMs are quite good at suggesting further questions to ask and look into. Extra tools: I find myself developing additional tools to process the data, e.g. I vibe coded a small and naive search engine over the wiki, which I both use directly (in a web ui), but more often I want to hand it off to an LLM via CLI as a tool for larger queries. Further explorations: As the repo grows, the natural desire is to also think about synthetic data generation + finetuning to have your LLM "know" the data in its weights instead of just context windows. TLDR: raw data from a given number of sources is collected, then compiled by an LLM into a .md wiki, then operated on by various CLIs by the LLM to do Q&A and to incrementally enhance the wiki, and all of it viewable in Obsidian. You rarely ever write or edit the wiki manually, it's the domain of the LLM. I think there is room here for an incredible new product instead of a hacky collection of scripts.
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RandomWalk
RandomWalk@RandomWalk001·
@grok @grok ok among china, japan, india, taiwan, southkorea, vietnam thailand philippines, malaysia and indonesia, who is most aggressive who is most conservative in terms of energy subsidy and policy amid iran war? who spent most govt money and who spent least
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RandomWalk
RandomWalk@RandomWalk001·
@grok @grok among all asia countires, who gave out most aggressive energy subsidy/policy? who is the most conservative one
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Milk Road Macro
Milk Road Macro@MilkRoadMacro·
IRAN’S TOLL SYSTEM IS NOW LIVE IN THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ In the last 24 hours, around 10 ships have made it through. Here’s how the system works: The IRGC is running an informal checkpoint inside the Strait. 1. Ships submit cargo and vessel details through intermediaries 2. If approved, they pay a fee starting at ~$1 per barrel 3.Payments are accepted in Chinese yuan or stablecoins 4. In return, ships receive a permit code, route instructions, and an escort But here’s the bigger story: This isn’t just about tolls. It’s about money and power. By accepting yuan and crypto, Iran is testing an alternative financial system right at the chokepoint that handles 20% of global oil flows. Here's what they're aiming to do: - China gets more global usage of the yuan - Crypto gets a real-world use case - The US risks losing financial leverage at the margin
Milk Road Macro@MilkRoadMacro

MORE MOVEMENT AT THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ In the past 24 hours, 10-12 ships have passed through the Strait (see video). That’s still far below pre-war levels but it does suggest some flow is returning. Even a small increase matters here. At the same time, Trump made another statement on Hormuz: He called on countries waiting for US action to step in themselves. Countries that didn't back American foreign policy are now being told they're on their own during a crisis. In his words: “Go to the Strait and just take it.” This could force major oil-importing nations to take direct action to secure their own energy supply. So while traffic is slowly picking up, the geopolitical tension around the Strait remains very high.

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Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡
Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡@shanaka86·
BREAKING: The IRGC toll booth at the Strait of Hormuz right now accepts three currencies: cash, yuan, and cryptocurrency. The third one is the one that keeps sanctions lawyers awake at night. Because the third one moves at the speed of light through rails that no government on Earth fully controls. The Financial Times and Lloyd’s List confirmed that payments for the $2 million per-tanker toll are accepted in cash, cryptocurrency, or barter. The dominant crypto rail, per Chainalysis reporting on IRGC flows, is USDT on the Tron blockchain. The reason is mechanical: Tron settles in approximately 3 seconds per block, charges negligible fees, and operates with limited identity verification on many access points. A $2 million stablecoin transfer can be initiated, confirmed, and received before a sanctions compliance officer finishes reading the transaction alert. The IRGC’s crypto architecture is not improvised. Chainalysis documented over $3 billion in IRGC-linked USDT flows in 2025 alone, used for sanctions evasion, oil settlement, and proxy funding across Hezbollah and Houthi networks. The Hormuz toll gate is the latest application of an infrastructure that was already operational before the first missile was fired. The war did not create the crypto rail. The war gave it a chokepoint to monetise. The United States has responded with targeted sanctions. OFAC has designated dozens of IRGC-linked Tron addresses. Tether has frozen identified wallets. But the disruption rate, per Chainalysis estimates, remains approximately 10 to 20 percent of identifiable flows. The gap between identification and enforcement is structural. The IRGC uses layered transfers through multiple addresses, cross-chain bridges to other networks, over-the-counter desks in jurisdictions beyond US reach, and integration with yuan settlement channels for larger state-linked transactions. Each layer adds obfuscation. Each bridge adds jurisdiction. Each OTC desk adds deniability. The 3-second block time means the funds have moved before the freeze order arrives. Behind the crypto toll, a parallel rail operates at the state level. Russia’s digital ruble and China’s e-CNY are being used in bilateral trade with Iran for oil and fertiliser settlement on sovereign, permissioned blockchains that sit entirely outside US jurisdiction. These are not decentralised networks. They are centrally controlled ledgers operated by the Russian Central Bank and the People’s Bank of China. The United States cannot sanction a sovereign central bank’s own ledger. It cannot freeze a digital ruble that never touches a US-regulated rail. The CBDC channel handles the larger, slower, state-to-state flows. The USDT channel handles the tactical, fast, deniable flows. Together they form a two-tier payment system that bypasses the dollar from both the top and the bottom. This is the war’s financial dimension that almost nobody is covering. The kinetic war degrades launchers and flattens headquarters. The energy war closes the strait and blocks fertiliser. The financial war builds a parallel payment system under live fire that may outlast the conflict itself. The yuan toll collects at the gate. The USDT transfer settles in 3 seconds. The digital ruble clears between Moscow and Tehran on a ledger Washington cannot read. And the dollar, which has governed energy settlement since 1974, watches from the other side of the strait where 400 ships are waiting and none of them are paying in greenbacks. The molecules are trapped. The money is not. And the money that moves through the toll booth is building the infrastructure that the molecules will use when the strait finally reopens, in a currency that is no longer the dollar. Full analysis: open.substack.com/pub/shanakaans…
Shanaka Anslem Perera ⚡ tweet media
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Milk Road Macro
Milk Road Macro@MilkRoadMacro·
SHIPS ARE PASSING THROUGH THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ AGAIN But not all vessels are getting through. Iran has reportedly restricted access to a select group of countries: 1. China 2. India 3. Pakistan 4. Turkey 5. Malaysia 6. Iraq 7. Bangladesh 8. Sri Lanka And this access isn’t free. Iran has effectively turned one of the world’s most critical shipping lanes into a controlled toll route. Price of admission: $2 million yuan per vessel. Four hundred vessels are anchored outside right now waiting for a clearance code from the IRGC Navy to enter the Strait. But even with the $2 million yuan fee, some major countries have been completely banned from the Strait: 1. United States 2. Israel 3. Japan 4. South Korea A key global chokepoint is now being actively controlled and monetized.
Milk Road Macro@MilkRoadMacro

BREAKING: The US and Iran have had productive talks about ending the war. Trump also said the US will pause attacks on Iran’s power plants for the next 5 days. At the same time, Iran’s foreign ministry has denied that any peace talks are happening. Uncertainty remains.

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John PP
John PP@johnpaulpaumbo·
@RKelanic Not entirely correct. The payment was in Yuan not Dollars. Part of Iranian economic strategy to weaken USA in the Gulf.
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Rosemary Kelanic
Rosemary Kelanic@RKelanic·
LloydsList: “At least two vessels transiting through the strait are understood to have paid in exchange for safe passage, with one fee reported to have been around $2m.” $2 million on a VLCC carrying 2 million barrels = $1/barrel premium. Quite a bargain in this market. Expect more to follow suit. lloydslist.com/LL1156694/Zomb…
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Merlin Capital 🧙‍♂️
Merlin Capital 🧙‍♂️@merlinscapital·
THE 8TH LARGEST US OIL FACILITY IN THE UNITED STATES WAS JUST ATTACKED AND TAKEN OFFLINE
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First Squawk
First Squawk@FirstSquawk·
PROJECTILE STRIKES GAS PIPELINE FEEDING POWER STATION IN IRAN'S KHORRAMSHAHR - FARS
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Richard
Richard@ricwe123·
Japan is now openly buying Russian oil with the yuan. The Trump administration tried to strong-arm Takaichi into a joint statement on the Strait of Hormuz, and Japan said no. Publicly, Officially, Finally. So even America’s so-called ‘closest ally’ is spitting on the petrodollar.....
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