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The smallest astronomer in England was 4 foot 3, scarred by smallpox and trained as a house servant. 🏴🇬🇧
Then she found something in the sky no woman had ever claimed.
Caroline Herschel was born in Hanover, a bandsman's daughter. Smallpox scarred her face as a little girl. Typhus at 10 nearly killed her and stopped her growing at 4 foot 3. Her mother decided no man would ever marry her, so she was trained for the scrubbing brush, a servant in her own family's house.
Then a letter came from her brother William, a musician in Bath. Keep his house, and learn to sing. In August 1772 she stepped ashore in England. It would be home for the next 50 years.
By day she ran his house and sang his concerts. By night, her brother answered to a different master: the sky. He ground telescope mirrors for hours on end and she fed him as he worked. In 1781, from their back garden, he found Uranus, the first planet discovered in recorded history. The King made him his astronomer, and Caroline came along as the housekeeper. Again. 🔭
Then William built his little sister a telescope of her own. She swept the sky with it, and the night began to give things up. New nebulae of her own, 14 of them.
And on 1 August 1786, with William away and the telescope hers alone, she caught a blur that had not been there the night before. It moved. A comet. The first ever found and claimed by a woman in her own name. The court called it "the first lady's comet". 🔥
A year later King George the 3rd put her on a royal salary. £50 a year, in her own name. The first woman in Britain ever paid to do science. The girl trained to scrub floors was now paid to read the sky.
7 more comets followed. 8 in all.
England kept her for 50 years, until William died. Back home in Hanover she set 2,500 nebulae in order, a catalogue for everyone who came after. In 1828 the Royal Astronomical Society sent its Gold Medal to Hanover. 🏛️
No woman won it again until Vera Rubin. In 1996. 🇬🇧
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Her second comet is still out there, on the long road back. It returns around 2092.
A girl in school today could live to watch it come home.
She should know a girl 4 foot 3, told to scrub floors, got there first.
We are the home of British heroes. There is a place for you in it.
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