Callum Young

Scared of “unnatural” sweeteners? Then you should probably fear your Eleiko barbell too. 🏋️‍♂️🥤 New meta-analysis found no difference between water 💧 and diet drinks 🥤 for body weight, glucose, or lipids — and zero effect on your gains💪 frontiersin.org/journals/nutri…

🔑 New Classification of Type 2 Diabetes (Endotypes) 1. SIRD (Severe Insulin-Resistant Diabetes) – Type 2A Prevalence: ~15% in Europe; less in Asia Phenotype: Obese (BMI 30–35), strong insulin resistance Age at onset: Mid-40s to late 50s Labs: High C-peptide, atherogenic lipid profile Risks: High risk for NAFLD, nephropathy, ASCVD, heart failure Therapy: TZDs, SGLT2i, GLP-1RA effective --- 2. SIDD (Severe Insulin-Deficient Diabetes) – Type 2B Prevalence: ~15–30%; up to 50% in Asians Phenotype: Leaner (BMI 22–26), younger onset (~30s–40s) Labs: Very high HbA1c (≥9–10%), low C-peptide Risks: Retinopathy, neuropathy (microvascular disease) Therapy: Often needs early insulin; AGIs useful --- 3. MOD (Mild Obesity-Related Diabetes) – Type 2AB Prevalence: ~20–30% overall; ~38% in young Indians Phenotype: Moderately obese (BMI 25–30), slower progression Labs: Intermediate insulin resistance & deficiency Risks: Lower complication rate, but CVD risk persists Therapy: Well controlled with metformin, DPP-4i, GLP-1RA --- 📊 Why it matters Recognizes heterogeneity in T2D → different prognosis and complication risks. Enables precision medicine: tailoring therapy based on patient’s endotype rather than generic “T2D.” Future guidelines will likely incorporate genetic risk scores, epigenetics, and biomarkers.

🚨 Our new paper in Sports Med Open When to start OKC after #ACLR? Our scoping review shows 🦵: ✅ ROM ≥ 100° ✅ Full extension ✅ Quad activation (no SLR lag) ✅ Pain < 3/10 ✅ Minimal knee joint effusion ✅ Walking without crutches Free Access🔓 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40220107/

I think all doctors should start tracking grip strength during routine check-ups. It’s easy to measure and such a powerful predictor of muscle function, overall strength, healthspan, independence and even mortality!

Exercise is an antidepressant. A new meta-analysis of 26 randomized controlled studies found that both aerobic and resistance training significantly reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, often rivaling standard treatments like medication and therapy. Although both modes were beneficial, aerobic exercise had a slightly greater impact on depression, while resistance training showed a modest edge for anxiety. Many of the included studies didn't even meet the minimum weekly physical activity recommendations for aerobic or resistance exercise, and even then, reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly. For those with depression or anxiety, movement is powerful medicine. And the dose needed might be smaller than you think.

Meta-analysis: Supersets provide a time-efficient ⏰ alternative to straight sets, reducing session duration without compromising training volume or effects on strength, strength endurance, and muscle hypertrophy 💪: link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Interesting findings in @KimHebertLosier work with age and class raise number #CalfaRaiseApp Note the 70yr olds did better than 60yr old, why ?

Healthy Lifestyle Care vs Guideline-Based Care for Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39792385/

Cutting back on smartphone use improves mental health and life satisfaction A study of 619 participants compared 7 days without a smartphone to reducing use by 1 hour/day. Both groups experienced: 🛠️ Reduced problematic usage tendencies 🧠 Lower depressive & anxiety symptoms 📈 Greater life satisfaction 🏃‍♀️ Increased physical activity 📊 Decreased smartphone use intensity The reduction group demonstrated stronger and more lasting effects over 4 months compared to complete abstinence.

Classic study - depression is a better predictor of future low back pain than imaging findings. journals.lww.com/spinejournal/a…

New 3 year data show tirzepatide keeps the weight off.

Standards and definitions of physiotherapy are clear - we need to stop providing pathoanatomical Dx, except where appropriate and Dx will change management, but even then, refer on to specialist services to make that diagnosis/call.

GLP-1 agonists like Ozempic are wonder drugs and are changing medicine and public health as well as our understanding about the link between adiposity-chronic systemic inflammation and chronic pain states. Those drugs have about a decade of basic science on animals, and now emerging evidence of its efficacy in treating chronic pain in humans. Open access: link.springer.com/article/10.118…

This is such a brilliant idea!! Making a student-led physio clinic at the University, guided by specialist physiotherapists with years of experience! Well done to everyone in the team for setting it up👌❤️ @uniofleicester @c_young92 instagram.com/reel/C-77UGssX…

Applications for our popular Physiotherapy rotational Band 5 scheme is now open. If you have recently graduated or are due to graduate in the next few months please apply. healthjobsuk.com/job/UK/Leicest…

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a common behaviour change strategy. But does it increase physical activity? This new meta-analysis of 97 studies found MI was associated with increased: - Total physical activity (+1323 steps/day) - Moderate to vigorous physical activity (+95 min/week) - And reduced sedentary behaviour (−51 min/day) But: Many studies compared MI to minimal to no intervention, and the benefits of MI diminished over time - often not extending beyond the intervention period. Altogether there was limited high-quality evidence for the independent benefits of MI for increasing physical activity. doi.org/10.1136/bmj-20…

Do GLP-1R agonists really cause muscle loss? Despite popular belief, a comprehensive review of 19 studies shows that GLP-1R agonists, often used for diabetes and obesity, may actually reduce muscle atrophy, inflammation, and adiposity while enhancing muscle endurance and microvasculature. The real culprit for muscle loss? Calorie restriction—easily mitigated with resistance training and protein intake. PMID: 38292961

Meta-analysis of RCTs: high-quality protein supplementation 🥛 to reduce cardiovascular 🫀 disease risk factors: clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-…

3 FACTS 1️⃣Smoking increases the risk having low back pain by approx 50% 2️⃣The risk is proportional to no. of cigarettes smoked. 3️⃣Quitting smoking can reduce this risk by up to 30-40%. This needs to be discussed with EVERY back pain patient who smokes. jogh.org/2023/jogh-13-0…

Weight loss medication Semaglutide significantly reduces knee osteoarthritis pain and improves function! Wonder if this will soon be the recommended treatment for many with OA instead of surgery, PRP injections, or physio? medscape.com/viewarticle/se…