praveen Lanka

Asking my prime minister Jonas Gahr Støre about why Norway refers to India as a democracy when the Indian PM has not had a press conference in 12 years at home. Is not a free press important to democracy anymore? Støre points to India holding elections. He does acknowledge differences in press culture, but also points to Indias large population.

The surge in global fuel prices since the outbreak of the West Asia conflict offers a revealing comparison of how different countries have managed economic shocks. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz, the world’s most critical oil chokepoint, and the prolonged disruption of shipments sent Brent crude soaring above $100 per barrel through much of April and early May. Across the world, consumers have felt the impact directly at fuel stations. But India stands out as a striking exception. Between 23 February and 15 May 2026, nearly every major economy saw sharp increases in petrol and diesel prices. In several countries, the rise has been staggering: • Myanmar: Petrol +89.7%, Diesel +112.7%
• Malaysia: Petrol +56.3%, Diesel +71.2%
• Pakistan: Petrol +54.9%, Diesel +44.9%
• UAE: Petrol +52.4%, Diesel +86.1%
• United States: Petrol +44.5%, Diesel +48.1%
• Sri Lanka: Petrol +38.2%, Diesel +41.8%
• UK: Petrol +19.2%, Diesel +34.2%
• Germany: Petrol +13.7%, Diesel +19.8%
• Japan: Petrol +9.7%, Diesel +11.2% India recorded the smallest material increase among all major economies: Petrol: +3.2%
Diesel: +3.4% Only Saudi Arabia reported zero change due to direct state subsidy structures. Among major market economies, India has effectively experienced the lowest increase. This did not happen by accident. For seventy-six days after the escalation in West Asia, India’s public sector oil marketing companies, accounting for nearly 90% of fuel retail sales, kept prices largely unchanged despite rising global crude costs. Instead of immediately passing on the burden to citizens, they absorbed substantial under-recoveries at the refinery gate. Reported estimates suggest daily under-recoveries had approached nearly ₹1,000 crore. The ₹3 per litre revision announced on 15 May is the first price revision in almost four years and amounts to only about a 3.5% increase on a base of approximately ₹95 per litre. The contrast with the rest of the world is stark. In liberalised markets, consumers have absorbed shocks immediately. Pakistanis are paying nearly 55% more for petrol than three months ago. Malaysians over 56% more. Americans nearly 45% more. Several countries have seen diesel rise by 50–100%, reflecting disruptions in trade, logistics and freight. India, however, managed to shield consumers from global volatility for over two months before implementing a calibrated increase. This matters because fuel prices do not remain confined to petrol pumps. They affect transport costs, food inflation, manufacturing, logistics and household budgets. Containing fuel volatility is also about containing inflation. The story here is not merely about a ₹3 increase. The story is that while much of the world adjusted through increases of 10%, 20%, 50%, and in some cases nearly 90%, India limited the impact on its citizens to just over 3%. That is the context behind the numbers.