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POTENTIALS
In the math you find three fields. The E field which is electric, the B field which is magnetism, and the A field which is potential. To further complicate things there are scalars that come out of the Maxwell equations. Yet, none of it REALLY gives you a good feel for what potential is, what it’s doing, or how we can use it for something fun.
In the Einstein equations potential is figured by the metric tensor G(μν). That is gravity as we all know and love is affected by the product of permittivity (static electric density) and permeability (density of magnetism). Since it’s a product the more of each you have the more the potential increases, but that doesn’t exactly get at the real heart of the problem, for that we need to turn first to Maxwell.
The A field as referred to in the Maxwell equations is a real thing. Aharanov and Bohm proved it was real and you can refer back to the Veritasium video to show you their experiment (if you aren’t interested in the long video just jump to the 25 minute mark):
youtu.be/XKSjCOKDtpk?si…
In the experiment, the diffraction that goes through the center of the solenoid gets shifted half a wavelength. While the magnetic field of the solenoid is stuck within the donut and the light cannot interact with a magnetic field, the fields are still pulling on the space. A good way to demonstrate this to yourself is with a belt. Put a hand on either side of one of one of the holes, then have a tug of war between your hands and stretch the eye hole. As the eye hole stretches, it’s easy to imagine how the light passing through the hole would be shifted because of the stretch. Magnetism has this ability to stretch space and I can show it to you in an even more visceral form. Have a look at my experiment where I use my magnet arrays to move a long cylindrical magnet between them.
youtu.be/s9iUg-WQGmM?si…
At 50 seconds I put the arrays on the outside of the poles of the middle magnet. Since the arrays are equally powerful, and equally distant from the magnet on the table, each pole feels an attractive force. Since it’s equal on both sides, the magnet does not go anywhere. When I start angling the magnets and moving them together you can see how the magnetism has stretched much the same way as in the Aharanov-Bohm experiment in the “bounce” the magnet experiences as it wants to go back to the area of equal pull. It is the stretch I have caused in the space between the magnets which rolls the cylinder on the table and it is because of the stretch that it wants to sit where the pull from each side is equal. This is a tug of war, just between magnets. The A field is the amount of stretch imparted on a space by magnetism.
Scalars are somewhat different. A scalar could be made by a tug of war between any two forces. For instance, you can put a magnet on a dremel and it will cause a gap between the attracting magnets (magnetic locking). You could use static electricity against magnetism and cause another kind of scalar, or you could just make a tug of war rope and the scalar force would be represented by the movement of the ribbon between the two teams. A scalar is two or more offset forces moving the ribbon between them causing an emergent force we call scalars. It is different from the A field only in that it can be caused by a wider array of forces.
Before we use this for an invention, let’s talk about the speed of light cause I want to break it. The speed of light is the maximum speed the medium can be disturbed. A ringing bell makes a disturbance in a gas medium. A wifi router is also ringing just in a different medium and at a MUCH higher pitch, it is ringing the potential. That medium which we call the aether is basically straight up pure potential. A large gradient in that potential is what we experience as static electricity.
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