
Sajid Farid Shapoo
363 posts

Sajid Farid Shapoo
@sajidshapoo
Islamic Political Thought| Geopolitics| NatSec| Counter-terrorism| Salafi Jihadism| PhD| Dad of Three|











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Saudi–Pakistan Pact and the Limits of Extended Deterrence by Sajid Farid Shapoo countercurrents.org/2025/10/saudi-… When Saudi Arabia and Pakistan announced a Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement (SMDA) in mid-September—pledging that any aggression against one would be treated as aggression against both—commentary quickly veered toward nuclear hyperbole. A fleeting remark from Pakistan’s defence minister that “what we have—our capabilities—will be available” briefly fed that narrative before being walked back. Soon after, analysts rushed to suggest that Riyadh now sat under a Pakistani nuclear umbrella. Saudi officials have, however, studiously avoided any nuclear language—and prudently so. The history and logic of extended deterrence—credible promises to use nuclear or major conventional force on another’s behalf—make it a poor and risky fit here.




