

Surjit Bhalla
7.1K posts

@surjitbhalla
Former Executive Director, IMF for India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. Economist, cricket junkie, policy wonk, and film (all woods, old and new) enthusiast



@surjitbhalla Sir this is wrt your recent article on economy and BJP political success. This is from today's TOI and is about FDI which you had discussed on length with @sardesairajdeep.

Had a fruitful meeting of the Council of Ministers yesterday. We exchanged perspectives and best practices relating to boosting ‘Ease of Living, ‘Ease of Doing Business’ and how to further reforms in order to realise our shared dream of a Viksit Bharat.

A reddit post on the ease of doing export business in India


The Base-Effect Fallacy: The Bangladesh & Ethiopia Comparison: You argue that India must "dispense with the moniker of the fastest-growing major economy" because, since 2014, our per capita GDP growth in US dollars ranks 16th, lagging behind Bangladesh (1st at 8.3%) and Ethiopia (2nd at 7.2%). Sir, as an empirical economist, you are acutely aware of the "base effect" and the asymmetry of comparing vastly disparate economic denominators.

dear @narendramodi @nsitharaman @nsitharamanoffc It is important for us to listen to sane voices: a. Improve investor confidence India should make it easier and safer for foreign and domestic investors to invest. b. Reform the BIT framework The article specifically says India should restore treaty credibility and improve legal protection for investors. c. Reduce policy uncertainty Investors should not feel that rules can suddenly change or become hostile after they enter India. d. Stop over-reliance on incentives Instead of only giving subsidies, PLI-style schemes, or short-term support, India needs deeper reforms. e. Improve ease of doing business in real terms The writer is not talking about rankings only. He means actual ease: faster approvals, fewer disputes, predictable taxation, and better contract enforcement. f. Attract more FDI More FDI brings capital, technology, exports, jobs, and integration with global supply chains. g. Focus on reforms, not only political victory Electoral wins should be used to push serious economic reforms, not as proof that all policies are working.


Thanks for your question, Dr. Bhalla. There are quite a few BITs that require exhaustion of local remedies - which means foreign investors have to exhaust all domestic judicial options irrespective of the time involved (so it can take much more than five years) Two examples - Germany-Israel BIT; Egypt-Sweden BIT. In other words, having a five year waiting period is not unprecedented as treaty practice.

I wish to point out some key conceptual errors in this piece on the issue of bilateral investment treaties (BITs): 1. The 2015 BIT that @surjitbhalla refers in this article is the 'Model' 2015 BIT. A Model BIT, on its own, is not binding on anyone, unless it is transformed into a 'treaty' by India and its treaty partners. A Model BIT is just a declaration of intent and policy of a country on what it would like to be included in a binding investment treaty. Yes, India has signed around 7 to 8 BITs based on the Model BIT. So, these provisions are relevant only for investors from these countries. 2. Dr. Bhalla says that the BIT requires a foreign investor to wait for five years before exiting an Indian venture. Incorrect. The five year requirement, mentioned in the Model BIT means that a foreign investor has to wait for five years before initiating a treaty-based arbitration against the Indian state. In simple terms, if a foreign investor has a dispute with the Indian state, it should first pursue domestic remedies for five years, before bringing a claim under the BIT. This has nothing to do with the foreign investor's domestic partner or an Indian company. A foreign investor uses the BIT to sue the host state because the treaty protects the investor from sovereign overreach. It is not to be used against a private players or an Indian company. Contract law or commercial arbitration can be used by the foreign investor against private partners. 3. Dr. Bhalla suggests that a five-year waiting period is unprecedented in history. Wrong, again. While I do not agree with the five-year waiting period, it is not wrong in law. Under customary international law, foreign investors are typically required to first exhaust local remedies. A BIT can contract out of this customary rule by either not requiring foreign investors to pursue local remedies or by shortening this period. India believes that this shortened period should be five-years whereas in many BITs this period could be 6 months or two years and some may require exhaustion of local remedies, irrespective of time taken, before a treaty claim can be brought. Economists should pay attention to understanding international law if they care to comment on international economic issues like FDI.



When you get out of government or a government-anchored appointment, or from a position granted due to govt influence (maybe), the lived and spoken truth along with ‘facts’ and ‘reality’ starts hitting a bit too differently & perhaps everything starts making sense (this same person and Indian eco. observer did everything possible to defend and write in support of buffonish policies of the current government across its terms-some of his IE columns from a few years ago need extensive deliberation and critical scrutiny)…

What Mr. Bhalla is talking about, I spoke against it when it came out. thediplomat.com/2020/12/indias…

WATCH: Why is the Indian economy in a crisis and panic buttons being pressed? This discussion with @surjitbhalla and Dr Pranob Sen provides insights you won’t get in a mainstream media eco-system that mostly stays away from raising inconvenient questions. youtu.be/YC8NpifpCIQ?si…

This chart might look political, but it’s really about data science. The UK can rank great or poorly depending on the KPIs you choose. Our choice of data decides how we view reality.

This is an 8th grade exam from 1912. How many kids would pass today?





Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. signed on Wednesday a law that authorizes him to suspend or reduce the excise tax on petroleum products as the war in Iran keeps fuel prices elevated. bloomberg.com/news/articles/…