HanX

Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Atheromas and Cardiovascular Events | NEJM nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

@docakx Liver

Which organ failure can happen on consuming these mushrooms?

Release of sterile male 𝘈𝘦𝘥𝘦𝘴 𝘢𝘦𝘨𝘺𝘱𝘵𝘪 mosquitoes infected with the 𝘸AlbB strain of 𝘞𝘰𝘭𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘢 𝘱𝘪𝘱𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘪𝘴 bacteria is a method for control of dengue virus infection. Research findings are summarized in a new Quick Take video. nejm.org/do/10.1056/NEJ…

Missed the biggest ID research of 2025?Here’s your chance to catch up! 🆕🔥Year in Review –Top ID Articles from 2025! All the most important infectious diseases research in one place! 🤝Huge appreciation to @IDstewardship for helping bring this together! 🔗idstewardship.com/year-in-review…

What is the diagnosis?

A single course of antibiotics can disrupt your gut microbiome for up to 8 YEARS, according to this new Nature Medicine study 💊🤯 Avoid antibiotics unless absolutely necessary and consider taking probiotics to counteract these effects.

🆕🔥🟢Duration of therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia – a post hoc subgroup analysis from the BALANCE randomized controlled trial Among patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia included in an international trial testing duration of antibiotic treatment, no significant difference in mortality was demonstrated between 7 vs 14 days of antibiotic therapy; however, a limited sample size precludes a conclusion of non-inferiority, benefit or harm. #idxposts #shorterisbetter academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…

In this randomized, controlled trial of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus, symptom and microbiological results consistently favored omadacycline monotherapy over placebo. Oral omadacycline for 84 days was generally safe and well tolerated #IDXposts

Image quiz: - prolonged neutropenia - sinus inflammation - pulmonary cavity Credit: Zhang et al

Thanks for this. Very helpful as I file my taxes later this week.

Two big changes to the Oral Is the New IV and Shorter Is Better Master Tables! First, shout out to @JRosenbergMDPhD for finding an oldie but goodie RCT of oral vs. IV artesunate for malaria--oral wins again! Oral Is the New IV Master Table updated, and reference on the website.

In @CIDJournal, authors present a fatal case of native aortic valve endocarditis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei complicated by embolic stroke and subdural empyema that occurred in a traveler who returned from Thailand to the United States. bit.ly/4qHGM1p

Disappointing! "In conclusion, while exploring oral therapy is important, the current evidence does not support equivalence with IV therapy for S. aureus bacteremia. While step-down oral therapy is an important strategy to study, the available randomized evidence supports, at most non-inferiority in highly selected, clinically stable patients after an initial IV course, and relies on non-inferiority margins that are wide enough to permit clinically meaningful differences to be discounted. We urge careful framing of conclusions to prevent overgeneralization beyond the studied populations and recommend future studies maintain rigorous design standards before changing established practice." What do you think about this LTE? @BradSpellberg @DrToddLee academic.oup.com/cid/article/do…

📣 Submit your ideas! MAD-ID and SIDP invite help culture the perfect meeting name. Naming call open 2/4/26-2/17/26! 🔗 Link to submit: cognitoforms.com/SIDP1/_2026Ann…

HIV testing is based on the interplay of several virologic and immunologic events. Immediately after infection, the “eclipse period” begins, during which HIV replicates in local lymphoid tissue and is not detectable in the bloodstream by diagnostic tests. Learn more: nej.md/4ql7ehk

Addressing Antifungal Drug Resistance — A “One Health–One World” Challenge | New England Journal of Medicine nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

BREASTMILK She thought she was studying milk. What she uncovered was a conversation. In 2008, evolutionary anthropologist Katie Hinde was working in a primate research lab in California, analyzing breast milk from rhesus macaque mothers. She had hundreds of samples and thousands of data points. Everything looked ordinary—until one pattern refused to go away. Mothers raising sons produced milk richer in fat and protein. Mothers raising daughters produced a larger volume with different nutrient balances. It was consistent. Repeatable. And deeply uncomfortable for the scientific consensus. Colleagues suggested error. Noise. Statistical coincidence. But Katie trusted the data. And the data pointed to a radical idea. Milk is not just nutrition. It is information. For decades, biology treated breast milk as simple fuel. Calories in. Growth out. But if milk were only calories, why would it change depending on the sex of the baby? Katie kept digging. Across more than 250 mothers and over 700 sampling events, the story grew more complex. Younger, first-time mothers produced milk with fewer calories but significantly higher levels of cortisol—the stress hormone. The babies who drank it grew faster. They were also more alert, more cautious, more anxious. Milk wasn’t just building bodies. It was shaping behavior. Then came the discovery that changed everything. When a baby nurses, microscopic amounts of saliva flow back into the breast. That saliva carries biological signals about the infant’s immune system. If the baby is getting sick, the mother’s body detects it. Within hours, the milk changes. White blood cells surge. Macrophages multiply. Targeted antibodies appear. When the baby recovers, the milk returns to baseline. This was not coincidence. It was call and response. A biological dialogue refined over millions of years. Invisible—until someone thought to listen. As Katie reviewed existing research, she noticed something unsettling. There were twice as many scientific studies on erectile dysfunction as on breast milk composition. The first food every human consumes. The substance that shaped our species. Largely ignored. So she did something bold. She launched a blog with a deliberately provocative name: Mammals Suck Milk. It exploded. Over a million readers in its first year. Parents. Doctors. Scientists. People asking questions research had skipped. The discoveries kept coming. Milk changes by time of day. Foremilk differs from hindmilk. Human milk contains over 200 oligosaccharides babies can’t digest—because they exist to feed beneficial gut bacteria. Every mother’s milk is biologically unique. In 2017, Katie brought this work to a TED stage. In 2020, it reached a global audience through Netflix’s Babies. Today, at Arizona State University’s Comparative Lactation Lab, she continues reshaping how medicine understands infant development, neonatal care, formula design, and public health. The implications are staggering. Milk has been evolving for more than 200 million years—longer than dinosaurs walked the Earth. What we once dismissed as simple nourishment is one of the most sophisticated communication systems biology has ever produced. Katie Hinde didn’t just study milk. She revealed that nourishment is intelligence. A living, responsive system shaping who we become before we ever speak. All because one scientist refused to accept that half the story was “measurement error.” Sometimes the biggest revolutions begin by listening to what everyone else ignores.

Shorter durations of #antibiotic prophylaxis, including no prophylaxis, appear noninferior to longer durations for preventing mortality in patients with #cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. ja.ma/4qJrp9P

【Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection】@NEJM, May, 2021 #Keyarticle DATIPO Trial 👉 RCT (🇫🇷, 28 centers), 2011–2015, N=410 👉 6-week therapy failed noninferiority vs 12 weeks (persistent infection 18.1% vs 9.4%) 👉 No significant difference in serious adverse events nejm.org/doi/full/10.10… #IDMedEd #IDFellow #OrthoID @MSISorg

Beyond mecA Super interesting 👀 a novel mechanistic framework for 🆕⚡⚡Study revealed for the first time a HIGH-level ceftaroline resistance beyond mecA mutations, in which RpoB plays a key link between carbapenems exposure and ceftaroline resistance emergence #IDXposts journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aa…

Penicillin allergy evaluation and delabeling is increasingly done in inpatients to optimize antibiotic use Here is a risk stratification algorithm for evaluation strategies (skin test first vs direct oral challenge) doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip…